44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



und Limestone creeks which flow into Oneida lake and thence 

 through the Oneida river to the Oswego river at Three River point. 



The divide between the Onondaga lake drainage and that of 

 Oneida lake is only a few feet above either lake in some places. 

 It would be close to a line drawn from a point north of the middle 

 of the west margin of the map in a southeastern direction to near 

 the middle of the east margin and thence southwesterly through 

 the southeastern part of the city and then south to the middle of 

 the southern margin. 



The area contains part of Oneida lake, the largest lake in the State 

 of New York, all of Onondaga lake and two small lakes, White 

 lake and Evergreen lake, in the southeastern corner of the quad- 

 rangle. There are also several artificial ponds or reservoirs on the 

 area. 



The area lies near the eastern end of the Finger Lake district of 

 New York. Of the Finger lakes, Onondaga and Oneida are the 

 only ones that lie wholly on the lake plains, the others occurring in 

 depressions in the Alleghany plateau. Hence these two lakes are 

 much shallower than any of the other Finger lakes. Onondaga 

 lake is 5 miles long, 1 mile wide and 66 feet deep. Oneida lake is 

 22 miles long, 6 miles wide and 60 feet deep. 



There are numerous small springs and seepages that help supply 

 the water for the lakes, swamps and streams. Much of the spring 

 water is classed as hard water because of the large quantities of 

 carbonate of lime carried in solution. Considerable quantity of 

 the lime carbonate in the form of calcareous tufa has been deposited 

 in places by these calcareous springs. Extensive deposits of shell 

 marl in lakes and swamps indicate the great quantities of lime 

 carried in solution. Some of the best known springs in the vicinity 

 of the city are Kimber and Dorwin springs on the west side of 

 Onondaga valley and Rockwell springs on the east side of the valley 

 (on the Tully quadrangle). There are many calcareous, sulphur 

 and chalybeate springs east, west and south of the city. 



As indicated by the numerous springs, lakes, swamps and streams, 

 the water table lies near enough to the surface to be easily accessible 

 for wells all over the area. Any place not accessible to the water 

 pipe lines of the city or villages or to good springs can obtain a local 

 supply of water from wells. The wells producing the most copious 

 supply of water will be those which reach the water table in beds 

 of sand or gravel in the mantle rock in the bottom of the valley 

 or on the lake plains. Wells sunk in the bedrock will vary in the 



