THE GEOLOGY OF THE SYRACUSE QUADRANGLE 6l 



always inferior in number of individuals to the forms of Manlius 

 origin. The massive beds of Stromatopora are the conspicuous 

 feature of the strata, while the Helderbergian brachiopods, gastro- 

 pods, crinoids and corals are observed only after a closer inspection 

 of the rock. 



At Manlius, just beyond the eastern boundary of the quadrangle, 

 the Helderbergian element is more pronounced, but even here it is 

 not uncommon to find a Helderbergian Favosites completely over- 

 grown and overwhelmed by the native Stromatopora. The percent- 

 age of Helderbergian forms seems to increase on going eastward in 

 the Syracuse quadrangle, but all the evidence points to the conclu- 

 sion that though they invaded the area these immigrants were unable 

 thoroughly to accommodate themselves to the environment which 

 had been so suitable to the peculiar life of the Manlius waters. 



Near the village of Manlius, Hartnagel 1 has collected the follow- 

 ing representatives of the Helderbergian faunas: 



Leptaena rhomboidalis Wilckens 

 Orbiculoidea cf. discus Hall 

 Spirifer cyclopterus Hall 

 Stropheodonta becki Hall 

 Trematospira formosa Hall 

 Meristella cf. laevis (Vanuxem) 

 Conocardium sp. undet. 

 Pterinea communis Hall 

 Tentaculites elongatus Hall 

 Leperditia sp. undet. 



FOSSILS OF THE ORISKANY SANDSTONE 



The Oriskany lies, throughout the quadrangle, with a slight un- 

 conformity on all older formations. It is a deposit formed in a 

 transgressing sea, not far from land, and in comparatively shallow 

 water. As might be expected, the sand often contains fragments of 

 preexisting formations and not infrequently fossils derived from 

 these formations. It likewise carries marine fossils which undoubt- 

 edly represent the remains of animals which actually lived in the 

 Oriskany sea. Phosphatic nodules scattered through the formation 

 may possibly be assignable to a coprolitic origin. They occasionally 

 include bone fragments and spines (Machaeracanthus) — the oldest 

 fish remains in the quadrangle. 



The most abundant Oriskany invertebrates are the brachiopods 

 Spirifer arenosus (Conrad), Spirifer arrectus 



1 N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 69, p. 1164. 



