THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY I9I3 19 



The Kingston district occupies the river front for a distance of 

 about 12 miles and includes the yards at Port Ewen, Kingston, East 

 Kingston, Glasco, Saugerties and Maiden, with a total of twenty- 

 one operating companies. The production, during the season, from 

 the twenty-five yards controlled by these companies, amounted to 

 196,301,000 having a value of $1,068,655. The total production 

 from Ulster county during 191 3 amounted to 197,801,000 with a 

 value of $1,077,655. The methods of manufacture are somewhat 

 different from those used in the other sections of the Hudson 

 valley, especially in regard to mining and tempering the clay. One 

 yard operates with clay dredged from the river bottom. The cir- 

 cular tempering pit, which has been discarded by many Hudson river 

 producers on account of the higher labor cost, is in use at many 

 of the Kingston yards. The open yard seems to be the favorite 

 method of drying, as it is in exclusive use in eighteen yards. Two 

 yards combine this method with steam drying, and five are equipped 

 with pallets. There are no covered yards now in use. Anthracite 

 coal is the only fuel used in burning. Transportation is entirely by 

 water and the output is disposed of in New York City with the 

 exception of a few yards which ship entirely to Jersey City and 

 Hoboken. The available machine capacity of this district is 

 2,904,000 daily. 



The district which includes Dutchess Junction, in Dutchess 

 county, produced during 1913 a total of 112,723,000 brick with a 

 value of $591,796. The total production of Dutchess county during 

 the same period was 120,770,000 with a value of $634,043. With 

 a few exceptions, the crude material is the ordinary soft, sandy 

 blue clay similar to that found at Verplanck Point and Haverstraw. 

 The total available machine capacity of this district is 1,936,000 a 

 day from an equivalent of eighty-eight machines. Circular temper- 

 ing pits are not used ; all the material at the sixteen plants is pre- 

 pared in rectangular soak pits. 



Six producers of common brick in Westchester county reported 

 a total production of 52,525,000, with a value of $275,756. This 

 includes also a small amount of ornamental soft mud brick. The 

 entire production was made in ten yards. The district which ex- 

 tends along the river front from Croton Point north through 

 Georges island to Verplanck point has a total available daily 

 machine capacity of 1,122,000 equivalent to the production from 

 fifty-one machines producing at the rate of 22,000 each. The clay 

 is a grayish blue, sandy material requiring very little water in 



