THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY I913 59 



The field lies along the outcrop of the Genesee shale which is at 

 an elevation of about 900 feet above tide. The gas flow is found 

 at intervals in the last 30 feet of the Medina sandstone. The 

 succession of strata explored by the wells conforms to the normal 

 order as given in the reports of the New York State Museum, but 

 in the western boundary of the field and near Lindon the Niagara 

 is upturned so as to make the drilling of straight holes a difficult 

 work. Below such disturbances the Medina gives a very limited 

 flow, and consequently exploration in these places has been dis- 

 continued. The Niagara averages about 228 feet thick, and black 

 water (sulphurous water from cavities in the dolomite) occurs at 

 about the middle. Below the Niagara comes the Clinton with a 

 thickness up to 15 feet (Wolcott limestone?) and at this point 

 anchor packers are usually placed. The Medina sandstone is a 

 little over 100 feet thick; on the northern and southern borders 

 of the field it gives a limited flow of gas, the longest wells being 

 on the eastern border and around Linwood. 



A typical section in the Pavilion field is here given : 



Top of flint 475 feet 



Bottom of flint 625 ' : 



Top of salt 1 072 " 



Top of Niagara 1 300 " 



Black water. 1 415 '' 



Bottom of Niagara 1 500 " 



Top of Medina 1 678 " 



First gas I 743 " 



Second gas ' .1 753 <: 



Third gas . 1 774 " 



Bottom of Medina I 775 " 



Ho e bottomed 1 875 " 



Altitude at mouth of well is about 1000 feet above tide. 



PETROLEUM 

 The record of the local oil industry has been attended with fea- 

 tures of much interest during the last year or two. The output 

 for 1912 showed a decline of nearly 25 per cent from the average 

 for the years immediately preceding and reached the lowest figure 

 (782,661 barrels) that has been returned since the New York field 

 was first fully developed. This decline took place in the face of 

 advancing prices for crude oil, so that at first glance it would seem 

 to indicate a permanent impairment of the productive capacity, 

 rather than to reflect temporary conditions which might be expected 

 to change for the better at any time. That there is really no ground 

 for belief that the industry is destined to rapid extinction, however, 



