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down the steep ice front, into the standing waters. This genetic 

 relationship throws them into the category of water-laid marginal 

 drift, and they are essentially kames. The inclusion of huge 

 angular blocks, apparently contributed directly by the ice, along 

 with the very coarse and largely unassorted materials constituting 

 the bulk of the hills, proves their close contact with the ice front. 



The stony composition of these hills has been made more evi- 

 dent by the wave erosion of the waters in which they were buried, 

 the finer materials being swept away from the sloping surfaces. 

 There is a general lack of clayey or adhesive material. 



The amassing of such large piles of blocks and boulders, which 

 are only sparsely distributed over adjacent ground, is an interesting 

 illustration of the peculiar mechanical operations of the waning 

 ice sheet, which invites speculation as to the precise genetic pro- 

 cesses. The boulder kames hold a considerable percentage of far- 

 traveled fragments, Potsdam and crystallines, which argues against 

 a basal position in the ice of the rock materials, in Which case they 

 would be mostly of local derivation. The streams which carried 

 the boulders must have had high gradient, which argues for super- 

 glacial flow. This and the unassorted structure of the conical piles 

 argues for a steep frontal slope of the ice at these points. The 

 glacial rivers, like land streams, doubtless had their tributaries, and 

 valleys in the ice, down the walls of which the stones rolled to the 

 streams; so that a river would gather up the rock rubbish from a 

 large area of the ice sheet, and eventually concentrate it in a detri- 

 tal cone in a notch at the ice margin. 



Kames. Deposits of sand and gravel contributed by glacial 

 drainage are well displayed in a number of localities, and several 

 kame areas retain their relief as hills and knolls despite the ero- 

 sional and leveling action of the standing waters. Indefinite patches 

 of sand are rather frequent and would be much more numerous on 

 our maps if the wide stretches of country between the highways 

 were all examined. 



The southernmost and earliest of the kames of the area are in 

 the Black river district, shown on plate 44. Two patches lie south 

 of Felts Mills, close to the limestone scarp. Small patches are 

 west of Black River, and large surfaces north of San ford Corners 

 and a mile southeast. The sand plain on West creek, south of Evans 

 Mills, marked on the map as correlating with Gilbert waters, may 

 be partly or chiefly kame instead of delta. A kame area of de- 

 cided relief and glacial character lies 2 miles southwest of Evans 

 Mills. 



