l6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



The Marengo Portland Cement Co., the successor to the Iroquois 

 Co., completed the work of remodeling the mill at Caledonia, Liv- 

 ingston county, which was again placed in operation. The mill of 

 the Wayland Portland Cement Co., at Wayland, Steuben county, 

 also resumed work. 



The mill of the Empire Portland Cement Co., at Warners, Onon- 

 daga county, was dismantled and sold. The company will not con- 

 tinue in the business. 



A second new producer during the current year will probably 

 be the mill now under construction at Jamesville, Onondaga county, 

 by Thomas Millen & Co. It is expected to be ready for operation 

 in July. 



CLAY 



The prominence of the clay-working industries in New York 

 State is due chiefly to the widely distributed deposits of common 

 clays suited for building brick, drain tile and materials of that 

 class. As the whole State lies within the zone of Pleistocene gla- 

 ciation, residual clays are of rare occurrence and of little commer- 

 cial importance. 



Most of the clays that are utilized are modified glacial deposits. 

 They are commonly of blue color, weathering to yellow at the sur- 

 face, and contain rather high percentages of iron and fluxing in- 

 gredients. Extensive deposits occur in the Hudson and Champlain 

 valleys where they form terraces at different elevations from near 

 water level to several hundred feet above, and also in some of the 

 larger valleys in the interior of the State. These clays generally 

 burn at a relatively low temperature to a red color. 



Deposits of white burning and refractory clays are restricted to 

 Long island and Staten island. They belong to the Cretaceous and 

 occur as scattered, but in some places heavy, beds. They are 

 adapted for fire brick, stoneware, terra cotta and the better grades 

 of building brick. 



In addition to the soft clays there is an abundance of shales 

 among the stratified rock formations ; some of the shales are adapted 

 for making paving and building brick, tile and other materials, 

 though they have not been exploited to any extent. 



PRODUCTION OF CLAY MATERIALS 



Details of the production of clay materials in New York State 

 during the last two or three years are given in the accompanying 

 tables which are based on reports from practically every manufac- 

 turer in the several branches of the industry. 



