THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY IQIO 



57 



Hudson, Genesee and Champlain, where the sands, gravels and clays 

 occur separately in terraced beds extending far above the present 

 water level. Later water action may have effected a beneficial re- 

 sorting of the materials as in the case of the beach sands on Long 

 island and some of the lakes in the interior of the State. 



The industry based on the extraction of sand and gravel for indus- 

 trial uses is a very large one, but the conditions under which it is 

 carried on make it very difficult to obtain complete or reliable in- 

 formation of current production. The operations are widely scat- 

 tered and in most sections of the State have little permanency. For 

 the year 1910 the reports received from the industry show a produc- 

 tion of sand and gravel of all kinds amounting in value to 

 $2,129,708. This total should be considered as an approximation 

 only and is based on the reports of about one hundred producers 

 and dealers in the business. It undoubtedly represents the larger 

 part of the output, but may fall short of the actual total by as much 

 as 25 per cent, due to incomplete returns from the building sand 

 trade. 



Production of sand and gravel 



MATERIAL 



1908 



1909 



I91O 



Molding sand 



Core sand 



$277 290 

 22 371 



666 809 

 43 368 



120 453 



$437 402 

 30 230 



b 

 b 



$424 015 



^33 709 

 I 016 598 



65 835 

 589 551 



Building sand 



Other sand a 



Gravel 





Total 



$1 130 291 





$2 129 708 







^ Includes glass sand, furnace sand, filter sand, engine and polishing sand. 

 " Statistics not collected. 

 ^ Includes also fire sand. 



Molding sand. The use of sand for the casting of metals calls 

 for a large supply of special grades which have a rather limited dis- 

 tribution, compared with building sands, and consequently greater 

 value. 



In New York there are two main areas in which good molding 

 sands occur : ( i ) on the lands bordering the Hudson river on both 

 sides from Orange to Saratoga county; (2) in Erie county. The 

 sand is found in shallow deposits immediately beneath the sod and 

 often covers extensive tracts. In the Hudson river region, which is 

 by far the most important, beds 8 inches thick may be worked if 

 convenient to transportation. From this they range up to 7 or 8 feet 



