34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



injurious last season. This is true of the check trees as well as of 

 those which were sprayed. The check trees of last year produced 

 as much sound fruit as some of the sprayed trees in 1910, though 

 this is true only where very exceptional conditions prevailed. The 

 percentage of wormy fruit was very much less than the present 

 year, while the percentage of side and end and side wormy was 

 even smaller, ranging in plots i to 6 in 1909 from less than i to 1.3 

 per cent. A similar condition obtained on the check trees, which 

 produced 17.62 per cent of side or end and side wormy. 



Conclusions. The data secured shows that it is possible 

 with but one spraying to obtain over 90 per cent of sound fruit in a 

 year when the codling moth is very abundant, even on trees yield- 

 ing only 300 to 500 apples. A larger crop, as pointed out on pre- 

 ceding pages and in our discussion of the effects of maximum and 

 minimum crops on the percentage of wormy fruit in 1909, would 

 undoubtedly result in the production of a still greater proportion 

 of sound fruit. 



Second, we believe that the possibilities of one thorough timely 

 spraying have habitually been underrated. The second application 

 within a week or ten days after the blossoms drop, is practically 

 a confession that the first spraying was not thorough. It is true 

 that ideal conditions are rarely present and it not infrequently 

 happens that spraying must be done even when working at a dis- 

 advantage. There are, therefore, times when a second spraying 

 justifies itself, particularly if this is made about three weeks after 

 the blossoms fall and at a time when the young apple worms are 

 beginning to feed upon the foliage and search for a favorable point 

 of entry upon the fruit. 



Third, a later application would pay for itself under such con- 

 ditions as obtained the past season, though the percentage of sound 

 fruit might not be greatly augmented. Here we have an excellent 

 opportunity for exercise of judgment. A large crop with indica- 

 tions showing only a moderate abundance of the codling moth 

 should mean that in the great majority of cases one spraying would 

 afford adequate protection. On the other hand, a small crop, es- 

 pecially if likely to be accompanied by high prices, would at least 

 justify a second application. 



Fourth, adverse conditions, such as crowded trees, steep slopes, 

 inferior spraying outfits, etc., make thorough work difficult, and 

 have an appreciable influence in increasing the percentage of wormy 

 fruit, since thoroughness as well as timeliness is an important 

 factor in controlling the pest. 



