38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Legs short, rather weak; tarsi biarticulate, the basal segment very 

 short. (Abstract from Gillette) 



Eggs. Length .3 mm., width .17 mm. They are light amber 

 yellow at first, covered with a white powder. They are each attached 

 by a thread, the whole mass adherent, an average sized one with a 

 diameter of 2 mm. (Abstract from Gillette) 



Winged female. Bright shining, rufous at first but by the time 

 the wings are expanded the eyes are black and a few hours later the 

 head and mesothorax are black. The other portions gradually 

 darken, the abdomen retaining the rusty color longest. The white 

 secretion begins to show about an hour after the pupal skin is cast 

 and the aphid soon flies away. Length 1.5 to 2 mm. Wings a little 

 smoky with a large stigma that is slightly green and a yellow costal 

 nerve. The median fore wing is about 2.5 mm. long or about 1.6 

 times the length of the body with two simple discoidal veins and one 

 stigmatal ; hind wing with one discoidal vein, length of the hind 

 wing about equaling the length of the body. Antennae dusky, with 

 five segments, about ^ as long as the greatest transverse diameter 

 of the head ; segments one and two short, stout, cylindric, about 

 equal in length, segment one smooth, the others with impressed, 

 transverse lines or wrinkles ; segments three to five subequal, with 

 segment three a little stouter and more conical; segments four and 

 five rather slender, not especially enlarged apically nor swollen for 

 the transverse sensoria, of which there is one to each of the three 

 terminal segments, the fifth with two short hairs apically. (Abstract 

 from Gillette) 



Life history. The small, hibernating form of this aphid 

 winters upon the twigs of its host plant with its long setae thrust 

 into crevices in the bark between the needles. The heavy winter 

 skin is cast about the middle of April and in a day or two the 

 white, waxy secretion indicates the location of the louse, which is 

 invariably on the under side of the twig. The first eggs are 

 deposited in Colorado the latter part of April and before the female 

 has attained her maximum size. The white, waxy threads com- 

 pletely hide both the Qgg and the female ; a mass contains 500 eggs. 

 The earlier deposited eggs begin to hatch before the females have 

 completed laying, a large number of young being observed the 

 latter part of the month. The formation of the gall is evidently 

 produced by the young plant lice locating at the base of the young 

 needles. The galls develop with surprising rapidity and are due 

 to the thickening and lateral enlargement of the bases of the needles 

 together with a swelling of the stem. They become fully de- 

 veloped about the first of July and by the middle or the latter 

 part of that month most of the lice escape, a condition paralleled 

 by our observations in New York. This generation in Colorado 

 flies to the red fir, establishes itself upon the leaves and begins 



