WESTLETON BEDS TO THOSE OF NOKFOLK, ETC. bv 



clays, with occasional seams or patches of shells. In this he in- 

 cludes the Pebbly Panels, the Bure- Valley (or Westleton) Beds, the 

 Chillesford Clay, and the lower Fluvio-marine Crag. The AVcy- 

 bourn Crag he considers, with Mr. Wood, to belong to the upper 

 or Pebbly-sands division. He remarks on the importance of the Mol- 

 luscan fauna and on the fact that the shells are, with few exceptions, 

 of the same species throughout, but varj-ing, though on the same 

 horizon, " in the abundance of particular forms " and " in the number 

 of different species." He dwells on the fact that in the Bure-Yalley 

 Crag of Belaugh thcFO are " only tAvo species not positively known 

 to occur in the Crag near Norwich, namely Tdlina halthka and Pcdu- 

 dina vivipara,^'' and states that it is nowhere seen in si^ction in its 

 fossiliferoiis form above the other " zones'^ of the Crag * (p. 36). He 

 also considers that the Haddiscoe gravels, " with which the pebble- 

 beds of Halesworth, Henham, and Westleton are correlated, are 

 distinct from the Pliocene Bure-Yalley Beds, which I (H. B. W.) 

 group with the Upper Crag " (p. 85). 



In Mr. Clement Beid's memoir " On the Country around Cromer," 

 1 882 t, he expressed an opinion that my divisions of the Crag on 

 that coast will not hold good, in that I have placed the Chillesford 

 Clay at different horizons ; but as he does not say to which of my 

 sections this observation applies, 1 am unable to answer the objection. 

 This stratigraphical o]>jection will, however, be met further on in this 

 paper. 



In a later paper ± Mr. Woodward expresses his belief that tlie 

 W^estleton and Mundesley Beds on the Cromer coast " are not the 

 same as the Bure-Yalley beds inland,"' and he gives an amusing 

 account of " the confused and deplorable condition that the nomen- 

 clature of the Pliocene and Post-Pliocene deposits is in." He fears 

 " that the introduction of the words ' Chillesford Clay ' had been at 

 the root of nearly all the evil in the shape of confused or comi)li- 

 cated classification," but he confesses " that coming from a county 

 where some of the rocks are measured by thousands of feet, he may 

 have contemplated with too little respect divisions that dwindle into 

 inches," no less than five subdivisions having been introduced into 

 30 feet of strata, and "of these nearly all had two or three names. 

 But most distressing of all has been the indiscriminate identification 

 by some observers of the Chillesford Clay with any micaceous and 

 laminated clay-scam "§. 



It may be thought that Mr. Woodward somewhat magnifies the 



*■ The italics are mine.— J. P. 



t Meiii. Geol. Survey, Kxplan. of Sheet 68 E. 



I "Notes on the Bure-Yalley and the Westleton Beds," Geol. Mag. dec. ii. 

 vol. ix. p. 452 (1882) ; and ' Geology of England and Wales,' 2nd edit. pp. 4G'J- 

 508. 



§ Laminated clays are common in the Westleton and Mundesley, as well as 

 in the Norfolk Glacial Series. To be sure of the Cliillesford Clny, it is neces- 

 sary to determine it eitlier by superposition or by it.s fossils, when })resent, 

 or by iollov\ing its range on a gi\cn liorizon. ]Mr. Gunn named the upper 

 divisions of the Mundesley group " Preglacial Laminated Series." 



