WilSTLETO]!^ BEDS TO THOSE OP NOKFOLK, 'ETC. 101 



Easton. The Shingle d is, however, soon replaced by the Middle 

 Griacial sands and gravel c, which then rest directly on the Forest- 

 Bed series, and maintain that position as far as Pakefield. 



Fig. 4. — Section at the south end of Kessingland Gliff. 



feet. 



a. Gravelly soil 3 



h. Yellow sand 1 



c. Irregularly bedded sand and gravel 5 



d. Yellow pebbly sands (Westleton) indenting into e 4 



e. Laminated grey and brown clay and sand 6 



^The laminated bed e is without fossils, and resembles bed d of 

 section, fig. 2. Further north the cliff becomes higher, and the 

 Upper Chalky Boulder-clay sets in ; while at the base of the cliff 

 there appears a compact greenish clay, with small fragments of flint, 

 traversed to the depth of from 3 to 5 feet by rootlets, generally cut 

 off on the top by the Glacial Sands. Between the beds h (fig. 5) 

 and the Pebbly Clay, and forming at oue place a shallow depression 

 about 150 yards across, lies the dark carbonaceous clay with plant- 

 remains, at the base of which is a thin seam of gravel and sand 

 with £7n?o, Cyclas, &c., which I referred in 1871 to the Forest 

 Series of Norfolk. The Pebbly Clay passes in places southward into 

 a light-coloured sand, and again into clay, while at other places the 

 flint-fragments disappear. Nearer Pakefield Mammalian remains 

 occur in some abundance ; but I failed to recognize the exact posi- 

 tion of these remains, and was under the impression that the pebbly 

 clay (e) represented the Chillesford Clay. Fig. 5 (p. 102) is a part 

 of the section I then gave of this cliff*. 



In 1872, Mr. S. Y. Wood remarked that all that could be safely 

 averred of those beds (the Forest Beds) at Kessingland is, " that 

 they are anterior to the Middle Glacial and probably posterior to 

 the Crag," an opinion endorsed in his subsequent papers of 1877 

 and 1880, although in the latter he seems to imply that the Mam- 

 malian remains are of the age of the Norwich Crag f. 



In 1876, Mr. J. Guuni concluded, on the contrary, that both the 

 so-called Elephant Bed and the Forest Bed in this cliff were not 

 only beneath the Chillesford Clay, but also beneath the Norwich 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxvii. p. 463. 



t ' Supplement to the Crag,' p. xv ; and Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxiii. 

 p. 74, and vol. xxxvi. p. 4(V2. 



\ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxii. p. 123. 



