WESTLETON EEDS TO THOSE OP NORFOLK, ErC. 135 



To return to the main line of railway. The sections from Witham 

 to Manning-tree are all through Glacial or Post-Glacial Beds, and 

 are not of importance ; while on the branch line to Maldon they 

 are chiefly through London Clay and Post-Glacial gravels. 



Maldon stands on a hill about 120 feet high, capped by gravel 

 probably of Westleton age. My notes refer to it as a flint-shingle 

 with quartz-pebbles and fragments of chert. 



Danbury Hill, 6 miles S.S.W. of Witham, and 317 feet high, is 

 capped by gravel of an anomalous character. It consists chiefly of 

 subangular flints with a large proportion of flint-pebbles, and a few 

 pebbles of quartzite, quartz, chert, and some old rock having more 

 the character of a Glacial Drift. It may have been a Bagshot 

 outlier invaded by the Glacial gravel. Lower down (about 150 

 feet) on the southern slope of the hill is another gravel in which 

 chert- and quartz-pebbles are more prominent. 



At the cutting on the main line which begins one mile west of 

 Witham, and which reaches in places a depth of 25 feet, a very 

 white chalky Boulder-clay passing down into bluish grey, overlies 

 5 feet of white sand with a seam of flint- and quartz-pebbles 

 (Westleton) at base. At the. western end of the cutting the same 

 gravel, but with ochreous and white seams alternating, lies in 

 hummocks beneath the Boulder-clay. The Hatfield catting is 

 through 20 feet of gravel at the eastern end, and through chalky 

 Boulder-clay capped by 8 feet of brick-earth at the west end. 



The long cutting from Springfield to Chelmsford (30 feet deep in 

 the centre) is of interest from its showing the great erosion of the 

 London Clay and the very irregular distribution of the gravel and 

 Boulder-clay ; but my notes relating to the gravel which underlies 

 the Boulder-clay are insufficient for me to say whether it i.s of 

 Glacial or of W^estleton age. 



A range of hills, capped by pebble -beds, commences a short 

 distance westward of Chelmsford. But these, though really older 

 than the Westleton Beds, I have relegated to Part III. of this paper. 

 They include Writtlepark, Brentwood, Rayleigh, and other hills. 



The Westleton Beds, which thus far have not reached a level of 

 above 160 to 200 feet, now rise more rapidly as they trend westward, 

 capping the hill-tops, and leaving the Boulder-clay and the Glacial 

 gravels at lower levels in the intermediate lower ground. There is 

 thus a considerable break before the next outliers are reached, 

 though there are, I think, traces of the Westleton Beds to be met 

 with near On gar. 



The next well-defined outliers are therefore on the western side 

 of the valley of the Boding, on the range of the Kpping hills, whicli 

 at Highbeech and Jack's Hill attain a height of from 340 to 370 feet. 

 On the top is a well-marked bed of the Westleton Shingle. The 

 following is its approximate composition in a pit near the " Wake 

 Arms," Jack's Hill :— 



Q. J.G. S. No. 182. 



