﻿ABORIGINAL 
  PLACE 
  NAMES 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  1 
  5 
  

  

  adds 
  ke. 
  Sometimes 
  the 
  plural 
  has 
  okon, 
  okonha, 
  son 
  or 
  sonha, 
  

   following 
  the 
  noun 
  ; 
  in 
  other 
  cases 
  the 
  number 
  appears 
  from 
  the 
  

   context. 
  

  

  Local 
  relations 
  of 
  nouns 
  appear 
  from 
  affixed 
  particles, 
  like 
  ke, 
  

   ne, 
  kon, 
  akon, 
  akta, 
  etc., 
  as 
  kanonsa, 
  house, 
  kanonskon, 
  in 
  the 
  house. 
  

   There 
  are 
  many 
  perplexing 
  affixes. 
  The 
  adjective 
  follows 
  the 
  noun, 
  

   but 
  they 
  often 
  coalesce. 
  Pronouns 
  are 
  more 
  numerous 
  than 
  in 
  

   European 
  languages, 
  and 
  he 
  gave 
  five 
  conjugations 
  to 
  nouns 
  and 
  

   verbs. 
  Verbs 
  have 
  three 
  moods, 
  with 
  seven 
  tenses 
  in 
  the 
  indicative, 
  

   and 
  they 
  take 
  a 
  passive 
  form 
  by 
  inserting 
  the 
  syllable 
  at 
  after 
  the 
  

   pronoun. 
  M. 
  Cuoq 
  thought 
  there 
  were 
  12 
  forms 
  of 
  the 
  verb, 
  but 
  

   Mr 
  Hale 
  reckoned 
  more. 
  Particles 
  were 
  many 
  and 
  freely 
  used. 
  

   There 
  are 
  other 
  early 
  vocabularies 
  by 
  unknown 
  authors, 
  but 
  Mr 
  Hale 
  

   regarded 
  M. 
  Cuoq's 
  as 
  the 
  best. 
  The 
  work 
  of 
  the 
  Rev. 
  Asher 
  

   Wright 
  among 
  the 
  Senecas 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  he 
  also 
  esteemed 
  highly. 
  

  

  The 
  dictionary 
  of 
  German, 
  English, 
  Onondaga 
  and 
  Delaware 
  

   words, 
  compiled 
  by 
  David 
  Zeisberger, 
  useful 
  as 
  it 
  is, 
  is 
  not 
  as 
  satis- 
  

   factory 
  in 
  one 
  way 
  as 
  could 
  be 
  wished. 
  He 
  commenced 
  with 
  the 
  

   study 
  of 
  Mohawk, 
  following 
  this 
  with 
  the 
  Onondaga 
  more 
  thor- 
  

   oughly, 
  but 
  adding 
  something 
  from 
  the 
  Seneca 
  and 
  Cayuga. 
  As 
  a 
  

   consequence 
  his 
  words 
  should 
  be 
  classed 
  as 
  Iroquois 
  rather 
  than 
  

   Onondaga. 
  His 
  Delaware 
  vocabulary 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  we 
  have, 
  

   and 
  preferable 
  to 
  others 
  in 
  analyzing 
  or 
  defining 
  Algonquin 
  place 
  

   names 
  in 
  most 
  of 
  New 
  York. 
  On 
  Long 
  Island 
  the 
  New 
  England 
  

   dialects 
  were 
  influential 
  in 
  forming 
  names 
  and 
  Williams 
  and 
  Eliot 
  

   are 
  often 
  quoted 
  on 
  these. 
  As 
  all 
  these 
  writers 
  are 
  frequently 
  re- 
  

   ferred 
  to 
  in 
  considering 
  names, 
  it 
  seemed 
  proper 
  to 
  give 
  some 
  brief 
  

   attention 
  to 
  them. 
  

  

  While 
  the 
  Dutch 
  held 
  New 
  York, 
  many 
  Algonquin 
  place 
  names 
  

   were 
  in 
  use 
  and 
  put 
  on 
  record, 
  but 
  their 
  knowledge 
  of 
  Iroquois 
  

   names 
  was 
  very 
  small, 
  the 
  Jesuit 
  Relations 
  of 
  that 
  period 
  having 
  

   many 
  of 
  which 
  they 
  knew 
  nothing. 
  With 
  the 
  English 
  in 
  power 
  this 
  

   knowledge 
  rapidly 
  increased, 
  Greenhalgh's 
  journey 
  in 
  1677 
  giving 
  

   the 
  names 
  of 
  most 
  Iroquois 
  towns 
  and 
  some 
  lakes 
  and 
  rivers. 
  Most 
  

   of 
  those 
  near 
  the 
  Pennsylvania 
  line 
  were 
  not 
  known 
  till 
  the 
  next 
  

   century, 
  and 
  some 
  were 
  recorded 
  only 
  in 
  Moravian 
  journals. 
  Sul- 
  

   livan's 
  campaign 
  added 
  many, 
  and 
  later 
  visitors 
  and 
  settlers 
  greatly 
  

   increased 
  our 
  knowledge 
  of 
  Seneca 
  local 
  names. 
  Important 
  work 
  

  

  