﻿ABORIGINAL 
  PLACE 
  NAMES 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  O, 
  

  

  COMPOSITION 
  OF 
  LOCAL 
  NAMES 
  

  

  All 
  aboriginal 
  names 
  in 
  New 
  York 
  are 
  either 
  Algonquin 
  or 
  

   Iroquois. 
  The 
  broad 
  distinction 
  is 
  that 
  while 
  labials 
  abound 
  in 
  the 
  

   former 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  latter. 
  The 
  Algonquin 
  adjective 
  

   commonly 
  precedes 
  the 
  noun 
  in 
  composition, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  Iroquois 
  

   the 
  reverse 
  is 
  the 
  rule. 
  

  

  Territorially 
  Algonquin 
  names 
  prevail 
  in 
  the 
  southeast 
  and 
  north- 
  

   east 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  State, 
  and 
  are 
  occasional 
  along 
  the 
  Pennsylvania 
  

   line. 
  Iroquois 
  names 
  occupy 
  the 
  western 
  and 
  central 
  parts 
  of 
  New 
  

   York, 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  examples 
  south 
  of 
  Albany. 
  North 
  and 
  northwest 
  

   of 
  that 
  city 
  both 
  families 
  are 
  well 
  represented. 
  There 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  

   intrusive 
  names. 
  

  

  Among 
  all 
  the 
  papers 
  on 
  Algonquin 
  place 
  names, 
  of 
  a 
  general 
  

   character, 
  no 
  one 
  is 
  better 
  than 
  that 
  by 
  the 
  late 
  J. 
  Hammond 
  Trum- 
  

   bull, 
  entitled 
  " 
  The 
  Composition 
  of 
  Indian 
  Geographical 
  Names, 
  

   illustrated 
  from 
  the 
  Algonkin 
  Languages," 
  and 
  published 
  in 
  the 
  

   Collections 
  of 
  the 
  Connecticut 
  Historical 
  Society, 
  volume 
  2. 
  A 
  

   brief 
  summary 
  of 
  this 
  excellent 
  paper 
  will 
  be 
  given, 
  but 
  its 
  50 
  pages 
  

   will 
  well 
  repay 
  close 
  study 
  and 
  they 
  cover 
  a 
  large 
  field. 
  He 
  was 
  

   long 
  the 
  leading 
  authority 
  on 
  these 
  languages 
  and 
  published 
  much 
  

   concerning 
  them. 
  

  

  In 
  them 
  he 
  included 
  three 
  classes 
  of 
  local 
  names, 
  th 
  first 
  being 
  

   formed 
  by 
  two 
  elements, 
  adjectival 
  and 
  substantial, 
  with 
  or 
  with- 
  

   out 
  a 
  suffix 
  denoting 
  location. 
  The 
  second 
  has 
  single 
  elements 
  ; 
  the 
  

   substantive 
  with 
  locative 
  suffix, 
  and 
  these 
  two 
  classes 
  contain 
  nine 
  

   tenths 
  of 
  local 
  Algonquin 
  names. 
  Most 
  others 
  are 
  from 
  verbs, 
  as 
  

   participial 
  or 
  verbal 
  nouns, 
  denoting 
  the 
  place 
  where 
  the 
  act 
  was 
  

   performed. 
  In 
  translating, 
  the 
  earliest 
  record 
  form 
  should 
  be 
  found 
  

   and 
  variations 
  noted. 
  There 
  follow 
  other 
  excellent 
  rules. 
  

  

  Land 
  or 
  country 
  is 
  ohke 
  in 
  the 
  Massachusetts 
  dialect, 
  auke 
  in 
  

   Narragansett, 
  hacki 
  in 
  Delaware, 
  ahke 
  in 
  Chippewa, 
  etc. 
  These 
  

   terminals 
  will 
  be 
  recognized 
  in 
  many 
  words. 
  Wompan 
  refers 
  to 
  

   the 
  east 
  and 
  is 
  often 
  applied 
  to 
  a 
  people 
  or 
  country 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  

   speaker. 
  Thus 
  the 
  Wappingers 
  had 
  their 
  name 
  from 
  living 
  east 
  

   of 
  the 
  Hudson. 
  Shawan 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  south, 
  and 
  thus 
  we 
  have 
  

   the 
  Shawnees 
  or 
  south 
  people. 
  Such 
  words 
  are 
  frequent 
  in 
  

   compounds. 
  

  

  