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  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  gan, 
  who 
  gives 
  it 
  also 
  as 
  Ga-no'-wau-ga, 
  which 
  on 
  the 
  whole 
  is 
  bet- 
  

   ter. 
  In 
  1667 
  Bruyas 
  spoke 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  Mohawk 
  castle 
  as 
  Ganda- 
  

   wague 
  and 
  there 
  Jogues 
  was 
  killed. 
  In 
  1674 
  Kaghnewage 
  was 
  also 
  

   mentioned 
  as 
  the 
  first 
  castle. 
  The 
  more 
  recent 
  location 
  was 
  at 
  

   Fonda, 
  where 
  the 
  name 
  was 
  applied 
  to 
  a 
  large 
  tract 
  of 
  land. 
  Spaf- 
  

   ford 
  said: 
  "Caughnawaga, 
  it 
  is 
  well 
  known, 
  was 
  once 
  an 
  Indian 
  

   village, 
  a 
  principal 
  town 
  of 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  Indians. 
  The 
  name 
  sig- 
  

   nifies 
  a 
  coffin, 
  which 
  it 
  receives 
  from 
  the 
  circumstance 
  of 
  there 
  being, 
  

   in 
  the 
  river 
  opposite 
  that 
  place, 
  a 
  large 
  black 
  stone, 
  (still 
  to 
  be 
  

   seen) 
  resembling 
  a 
  coffin, 
  and 
  projecting 
  from 
  the 
  surface 
  at 
  low 
  

   water." 
  The 
  Rev. 
  John 
  Taylor 
  (1802) 
  defined 
  this 
  as 
  cook 
  the 
  

   kettle, 
  probably 
  thinking 
  of 
  Canajoharie. 
  Gallatin 
  derived 
  it 
  from 
  

   Caghnuhwohherleh, 
  a 
  rapid. 
  J. 
  R. 
  Simms 
  objected 
  to 
  interpreting 
  

   Caughnawaga 
  at 
  the 
  rapids, 
  but 
  forgot 
  that 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  this 
  name 
  

   was 
  not 
  always 
  at 
  one 
  spot. 
  He 
  said: 
  " 
  It 
  meant, 
  literally, 
  — 
  stone 
  

   in 
  the 
  zvater. 
  In 
  the 
  river, 
  opposite 
  to 
  the 
  ancient 
  village 
  of 
  

   Caughnawaga, 
  and, 
  perhaps, 
  25 
  feet 
  from 
  the 
  southern 
  or 
  Fulton- 
  

   ville 
  shore 
  is 
  a 
  large 
  boulder, 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  last 
  stone 
  seen 
  when 
  the 
  

   water 
  is 
  rising, 
  and 
  after 
  a 
  freshet, 
  the 
  first 
  one 
  visible 
  when 
  the 
  

   water 
  is 
  falling." 
  This 
  seems 
  the 
  stone 
  alluded 
  to 
  in 
  the 
  name 
  

   Cayadutta. 
  It 
  is 
  sufficient 
  to 
  say 
  that 
  the 
  name 
  followed 
  the 
  town 
  

   in 
  its 
  removals, 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  referred 
  to 
  this 
  stone, 
  and 
  was 
  used 
  

   before 
  the 
  Indians 
  knew 
  much 
  of 
  coffins. 
  When 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  Mo- 
  

   hawks 
  removed 
  to 
  the 
  rapids 
  near 
  Montreal 
  they 
  took 
  the 
  old 
  name 
  

   as 
  an 
  appropriate 
  one 
  for 
  their 
  new 
  home, 
  where 
  it 
  still 
  remains. 
  

  

  Caugh-ne-was-sa 
  was 
  placed 
  by 
  Schoolcraft 
  in 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  val- 
  

   ley, 
  but.it 
  does 
  not 
  otherwise 
  appear. 
  He 
  may 
  have 
  meant 
  the 
  pre- 
  

   ceding 
  name. 
  

  

  Ca-wa-o-ge 
  or 
  Na-wa-a-ge 
  was 
  a 
  village 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  fourth 
  castle 
  

   in 
  1634. 
  Van 
  Curler 
  often 
  gave 
  two 
  names 
  to 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  towns. 
  

  

  Ca-ya-dut-ta 
  creek, 
  stone 
  standing 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  water, 
  flows 
  through 
  

   the 
  town 
  of 
  Mohawk. 
  Simms 
  says 
  this 
  means 
  muddy 
  creek, 
  but 
  

   this 
  is 
  the 
  definition 
  of 
  another 
  name 
  applied 
  to 
  a 
  stream. 
  

  

  Chuc-te-nun-da 
  has 
  been 
  erroneously 
  interpreted 
  two 
  sisters, 
  per- 
  

   haps 
  because 
  the 
  North 
  and 
  South 
  Chuctenunda 
  creeks 
  are 
  quite 
  

   near 
  each 
  other, 
  but 
  on 
  opposite 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  river. 
  A. 
  Cusick 
  de- 
  

   fined 
  this 
  as 
  stony, 
  and 
  Pearson 
  made 
  it 
  stone 
  houses, 
  from 
  the 
  

   sheltering 
  cliffs. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  name 
  of 
  early 
  occurrence 
  at 
  Amsterdam, 
  

  

  