﻿43 
  2 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Garoutagwanni, 
  to 
  take 
  the 
  calumet 
  from 
  any 
  one 
  who 
  smokes 
  to- 
  

   bacco 
  to 
  smoke 
  it 
  in 
  turn; 
  Wagonroutagwas, 
  that 
  I 
  may 
  smoke 
  in 
  

   thy 
  calumet, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  mentioned 
  as 
  of 
  ceremonial 
  importance. 
  

   It 
  is 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  in 
  the 
  Jesuit 
  Relations 
  and 
  the 
  earlier 
  colonial 
  

   documents 
  of 
  New 
  York. 
  The 
  Relation 
  of 
  1646 
  refers 
  to 
  its 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  but 
  not 
  prominent 
  use 
  in 
  councils, 
  in 
  describing 
  the 
  visit 
  of 
  

   some 
  Mohawks 
  to 
  Canada 
  : 
  " 
  The 
  savages 
  make 
  no 
  assembly 
  unless 
  

   with 
  a 
  calumet 
  of 
  tobacco 
  in 
  the 
  mouth, 
  and 
  as 
  fire 
  is 
  necessary 
  to 
  

   take 
  the 
  tobacco, 
  they 
  light 
  some 
  almost 
  always 
  in 
  their 
  assemblies." 
  

  

  La 
  Salle 
  held 
  a 
  council 
  with 
  the 
  Senecas 
  in 
  1669, 
  and 
  Gallinee 
  

   described 
  this 
  and 
  the 
  informal 
  way 
  of 
  smoking, 
  as 
  before 
  quoted. 
  

   Each 
  man 
  had 
  his 
  own 
  pipe 
  and 
  passed 
  it 
  to 
  no 
  one 
  else. 
  He 
  

   lighted 
  it 
  at 
  once 
  and 
  smoked 
  throughout 
  the 
  council. 
  In 
  these 
  

   and 
  other 
  instances 
  the 
  French 
  often 
  called 
  any 
  pipe 
  a 
  calumet, 
  as 
  

   in 
  the 
  account 
  of 
  Iroquois 
  customs 
  in 
  1666, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  said 
  that 
  

   when 
  a 
  man 
  dies 
  " 
  they 
  paint 
  red 
  calumets, 
  calumets 
  of 
  peace 
  on 
  

   the 
  tomb." 
  When 
  Count 
  Frontenac 
  came 
  to 
  Lake 
  Ontario 
  to 
  build 
  

   a 
  fort 
  in 
  1673, 
  ne 
  was 
  met 
  by 
  60 
  Iroquois 
  sachems, 
  and 
  " 
  after 
  hav- 
  

   ing 
  sat 
  and 
  as 
  is 
  their 
  custom, 
  smoked 
  for 
  some 
  time, 
  one 
  of 
  them 
  " 
  

   made 
  an 
  address. 
  Frontenac 
  replied 
  that 
  he 
  had 
  made 
  a 
  fire 
  where 
  

   they 
  could 
  smoke 
  and 
  he 
  could 
  talk 
  to 
  them. 
  The 
  inference 
  is 
  that 
  

   the 
  smoking 
  was 
  pleasant 
  and 
  social, 
  but 
  not 
  in 
  the 
  least 
  ceremonial. 
  

  

  About 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  Father 
  Milet 
  described 
  some 
  interesting 
  

   Iroquois 
  customs, 
  and 
  said 
  that 
  at 
  formal 
  friendly 
  meetings 
  the 
  

   visitors 
  kindle 
  the 
  woodside 
  fire 
  " 
  in 
  sign 
  of 
  peace, 
  and 
  are 
  met 
  by 
  

   the 
  ancients 
  of 
  the 
  town. 
  After 
  having 
  smoked 
  and 
  received 
  

   compliments 
  they 
  are 
  led 
  to 
  the 
  cabin 
  assigned 
  them." 
  In 
  these 
  

   cases 
  there 
  seems 
  no 
  definite 
  ceremonial 
  use, 
  and 
  in 
  fact 
  it 
  was 
  in 
  

   1673 
  ^at 
  Father 
  Marquette 
  gave 
  the 
  full 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  pipe 
  of 
  

   peace 
  and 
  its 
  solemn 
  use, 
  as 
  he 
  found 
  it 
  among 
  the 
  Illinois. 
  The 
  

   intimate 
  relations 
  of 
  the 
  French 
  and 
  western 
  Indians 
  brought 
  it 
  

   sooner 
  into 
  prominence 
  in 
  Canada 
  than 
  in 
  New 
  York. 
  On 
  the 
  

   whole 
  Charlevoix's 
  statement, 
  made 
  in 
  1721, 
  may 
  be 
  fully 
  accepted 
  : 
  

   "It 
  is 
  more 
  in 
  use 
  among 
  the 
  southern 
  and 
  western 
  nations 
  than 
  

   among 
  the 
  eastern 
  and 
  northern." 
  Lafitau 
  said 
  much 
  the 
  same. 
  

   Roger 
  Williams, 
  Capt. 
  John 
  Smith 
  and 
  others, 
  mention 
  no 
  cere- 
  

   monial 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  calumet 
  along 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  coast. 
  With 
  the 
  be- 
  

   ginning 
  of 
  the 
  1 
  8th 
  century 
  it 
  appears 
  occasionally 
  in 
  reports 
  of 
  

  

  