1923.] Fauna of the Chilka Lake : Fish. 715 



1876. Lates calcarifer, Day, Fish. Ind., p. 7, pi. i, fig. 1. 



1876. Plectropoma calcarifer, Bleeker, Atl. Ichthyol. Ind. Orient. Néerl. VII, p. 109, pi. cccxxii, 



fig. 3. 



1877. Pseudolates cavifrons, Àlleyne and Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. I, p. 262, pi. iii. 



1878. Lates darwiniensis, Macleay, ibid., II, p. 345. 



1889- Lates calcarifer, Day, Faun. Brit. Ind. Fish. I, p. 440, fig. 139. 



1890. Lates calcarifer, Vinciguerra, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (2) IX, p. 162. 



1895. Lates calcarifer, Bonlenger, Cat. Perc. Fish. Brit. Mus. I, p. 363. 



1906. Plectropomus calcarifer, Jordan and Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish. XXV, p. 255. 



1907. Lates calcarifer, Lloyd, Pec. Ind. Mus. I, p. 225. 



1907. Plectropoma calcariferum, Evermann and Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish. XXVI, p. 78. 



1910. Lates calcarifer, Jenkins, Pec. Ind. Mus. V, p. 131. 



1911. Lates calcarifer, Willey, Spol. Zeylanica VII, p. 100. 



1912. Lates calcarifer, Jenkins, Pec. Ind. Mus. VII, p. 54. 



1913. Lates calcarifer, Weber, Siboga-Exped. LVII, Fische, p. 215. 

 1916. Lates calcarifer, Sundara Raj, Pec. Ind. Mus. XII, p. 278. 



There are two specimens in the collection, both from Satpara ; one measuring 262 mm» 

 in length was secured in March 1914, and the other, measuring 137 mm. in length, was cap- 

 tured on the 10th October. The fish is thus reported only from the outer channel. 1 



Distribution. — Coasts and mouths of rivers of South Eastern Asia from India to Southern 

 China, Malay Archipelago, the Philippine Islands, Australia and New Guinea. 



Sub-family CHANDINAE. 



Genus CHANDA 2 Hamilton Buchanan. 



Chanda ambassis (Lacépède). 



1775. ? Sciaena safgha, Forskal, Descrip. Animal, p. 53. 

 1801. 1 Perca safgha, Block and Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol. 



1 It is, however, common in Rainbha Bay in the main area. N. A. 



2 The generic name Chanda of Hamilton Buchanan [ Fish. Ganges, 1822, pp. 103 and 370 ] has priority over Ambassis 

 of Cuvier and Valenciennes [ Hist. Nat. Poiss., II (1828), p. 175 ]. This was pointed out by M'Clelland and Cantor as well 

 as by Waite, although Fowler (loc. cit.), the first reviser of Chanda, had regarded its type identical with the type of Bleeker' s 

 genus Pseudoambassis. Chanda of Hamilton Buchanan, which is the same as Bogoda of Bleeker, is characterized by the 

 uninterrupted lateral Une, small or minute scales and strong curved canines and is distinguished from the related genera 

 by the serrated pre-orbital, small teeth, comparatively larger scales, complete lateral line and the presence of about ten 

 rays in the dorsal fin. A procumbent dorsal spine is always present but in some cases it is small and concealed in the flesh 

 [ The Fishes of Samoa by Drs. Jordan and A. Seal, Bull Bur. Fish. ( U.S.) xxv, p. 175 ]. Fowler, and long before him Cuvier 

 and Valenciennes, observed that the two first species under Chanda as described by Hamilton Buchanan belonged to a 

 different genus altogether and for this reason Cuvier and Valenciennes suppressed the name Chanda, but they often showed 

 themselves zealous in cancelling valid names without any justification. It should be remembered that Hamilton Buchanan 

 clearly expressed his doubts as to the propriety of placing these two species in his genus Chanda. The fact that he placed 

 these two admittedly doubtful species under the generic name cannot therefore vitiate it. As to the first doubtful species, 

 Hamilton Buchanan himself proposed to place it in another genus : " This species is ill defined, and might, perhaps, be placed 

 as a Coius." (Fish. Ganges, p. 105). He further pointed out, " As in the genera already described there are, as it were, certain 

 intermediate species, so in this the two first, which I have described, together with the Zeus insidiator, have but little of 

 the transparency, which forms part of the generic character." He further stated that his excuse for including these two 



