1923.] Fauna of the Chilka Lake : Fish. 725 



and is contained three times in the short vertical diameter of the eye. There is a minute 

 (but thick) barbel-like growth near the left lateral pore. The eye is oval, the short vertical 

 diameter is contained in the horizontal diameter one and one-third times. The longer dia- 

 meter of the eye is contained twice in the interorbital distance. 



The fish is an occasional visitor to the lake, appearing in the main area during the flood 

 and also soon after the freshets are over. It grows to four feet and more in length. 1 



Distribution. — Seas of India, coast of Malabar, larger estuaries of the Ganges, and the 

 estuary of the Sittang river ; seas of China and the Philippine Islands. 



Genus UMBRINA Cuvier. 



Umbrina indica (Kuhl and Hasselt). 



1803. Labrus sp. {qualar katchelee), Russell, Fish. Vizag. II, p. 13, pi. cxviii. 



1824. Sciaena indica, Kuhl and Hasselt, Bull. Sei. Nat. (Ferussac), II, pp. 374 and 377. 



1830. Umbrina russelii, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. V, p. 178. 



1830. Sciaena indica, id., ibid., p. 179. 



1830. Umbrina kuhlii, id., ibid. 



1836. Umbrina russelii, Cuvier, Règ. Anim., Poiss. p. 82. 



1846. Umbrina russelii, Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sc. (1845), p. 226. 



1849. Umbrina russelii, Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 1053. 



1850. Umbrina kuhlii, Bleeker, Verh. Batavia Gen. XXIII (5), pp. 4, 5, 11 and 19. 



1852. Umbrina russelii, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. Ill, p. 56. 



1853. Umbrina russelii, Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. Sei. XVII, p. 132. 

 1860. Umbrina russellii, Günther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. II, p. 278. 

 1868. Umbrina russellii, Kner, Reis. ' Novara,' Fisch, p. 131. 



1873. Umbrina russellii. Day, Rep. Sea Fish and Fisher, p. ccl. 



1874. Sciaena russelii, Bleeker, Verh. Akad. Amsterdam XIV, p. 58. 

 1876. Umbrina russelii, Day, Fish. Ind., p. 183, pi. xliii, fig. 4. 

 1889. Umbrina russellii, id., Faun. Brit. Ind. Fish. II, p. 110. 



1907. Umbrina russelii, Jordan and Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish. XXVI, p. 25. 

 1907. Umbrina russelii, Evermann and Seale, ibid.. p. 87. 

 1910. Umbrina russellii, Jenkins, Rec. Ind. Mus. V, p. 136. 



Russell described and figured this fish from Vizagapatam under its local name as a 

 "Labrus with a pentagonal tail." Twenty-one years later Kuhl and van Hasselt rede- 

 scribed it from a specimen obtained at Java and supplied a name under approved methods 

 and called it Sciaena indica. Cuvier and Valenciennes, though acknowledging the name 

 given by them, rechristened the species after the senior author and called it U. kuhlii and 

 thinking it a different species, invented the name U . russellii for Russell's species from 

 Vizagapatam. Later writers, finding out the identity of U. kuhlii with Russell's species, 

 dropped the name U. kuhlii, but did not restore the earlier name. Moreover they 

 copied the inadmissible name with its incorrect spelling. The law of priority demands 

 that the name given by Kuhl and van Hasselt should be restored. 



1 " This is a very beautiful fish, found in the larger estuaries of the Ganges. I saw only one specimen, which was 

 four feet in length; but it is said to grow considerably larger." Fish. Ganges, p. 79. 



