﻿A 
  MONOGRAPH 
  OF 
  THE 
  VICTORIAN 
  SPONGES. 
  41 
  

  

  Family 
  4. 
  Nardopsida. 
  

  

  Ascones 
  forming 
  a 
  colony 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  common 
  osculiim. 
  

  

  Genus 
  8. 
  N 
  ardor 
  us. 
  — 
  A 
  colony 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  naked 
  osculnm. 
  

   Genus 
  9. 
  Nardopsis. 
  — 
  A 
  colony 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  probosciform 
  osculnm. 
  

   Genus 
  10. 
  Nardoma. 
  — 
  A 
  colony 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  fringed 
  osculum. 
  

  

  Family 
  5. 
  Tarromida. 
  

  

  Ascones 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  sponge 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  several 
  colonies, 
  each 
  

   with 
  a 
  single 
  osculum. 
  

  

  Genus 
  11. 
  Tarrits. 
  — 
  A 
  colony 
  composed 
  of 
  several 
  Nardorus 
  colonies. 
  

   Genus 
  12. 
  Tarropsis. 
  — 
  Pi. 
  colony 
  composed 
  of 
  several 
  Nardopsis 
  colonies. 
  

   Genus 
  13. 
  Tarronia. 
  — 
  A 
  colony 
  composed 
  of 
  several 
  Nardoma 
  colonies. 
  

  

  Family 
  6. 
  Auloplegmida. 
  

   Ascones 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  colony 
  with 
  no 
  osculum. 
  

   Genus 
  14. 
  AiUoplegma. 
  — 
  A 
  colony 
  with 
  no 
  osculum. 
  

  

  Family 
  7. 
  Ascoinetrida. 
  

  

  Ascones 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  colony 
  in 
  Avhicli 
  several 
  generic 
  forms 
  are 
  

   united. 
  

  

  Genus 
  15. 
  Ascouietva. 
  — 
  A 
  colony 
  consisting 
  of 
  several 
  generic 
  forms 
  united. 
  

  

  The 
  second 
  of 
  these 
  two 
  extremely 
  ingenious 
  schemes 
  of 
  classification 
  is 
  well 
  

   termed 
  by 
  its 
  author 
  artificial, 
  but 
  this 
  term, 
  as 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  me, 
  ap})lies 
  equally 
  well 
  

   to 
  the 
  so-called 
  " 
  natural 
  " 
  system. 
  Neither 
  system 
  is 
  in 
  itself 
  sufficient, 
  and 
  the 
  

   use 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  side 
  by 
  side 
  by 
  Ha)ckel 
  has 
  led 
  to 
  an 
  almost 
  hopeless 
  confusion 
  in 
  the 
  

   nomenclature 
  of 
  genera 
  and 
  species, 
  as 
  every 
  spongologist 
  finds 
  to 
  his 
  cost 
  when 
  

   endeavouring 
  to 
  identify 
  a 
  calcareous 
  sponge. 
  

  

  The 
  fault 
  of 
  each 
  system 
  lies 
  in 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  based 
  u[)on 
  a 
  single 
  gron[) 
  of 
  

   characters, 
  and 
  the, 
  iiiadequateness 
  of 
  the 
  ''natural 
  system," 
  which 
  Ha^-kel 
  

   principally 
  uses, 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  host 
  of 
  "generic," 
  "specific," 
  and 
  "connective" 
  

   varieties 
  which 
  he 
  has 
  been 
  obliged 
  to 
  create. 
  The 
  first 
  species 
  described 
  in 
  IIa'ck(>rs 
  

   monograph 
  is 
  Ascdta 
  pr'unordialis 
  and 
  this 
  embraces 
  sev(>u 
  gencn-ic 
  vari(>ti(>s, 
  four 
  

   specific 
  varities 
  and 
  three 
  connective 
  varieties, 
  each 
  with 
  a 
  difierent 
  nam(>. 
  The 
  only 
  

   " 
  Species-character 
  " 
  given 
  is 
  a 
  short 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  si)icules, 
  and 
  no 
  type 
  of 
  the 
  

   species 
  is 
  described 
  ; 
  and 
  so 
  on 
  for 
  the 
  other 
  species. 
  

  

  