REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I915 25 



trees. The amount of spraying later, however, depended upon the 

 crop prospects. 



The first application was made May 2 2d, 18 pounds of Niagara 

 arsenate of lead (15 per cent arsenic oxide), 6| gallons of Dow's 

 lirne-sulphur wash (33 Baume) being used to 250 gallons of spray. 

 The pressure was maintained at about 200 pounds. One man stood 

 on an 11 foot tower and the other on the ground, the latter pro- 

 vided with 50 feet of hose and both equipped with 10 foot extensions. 

 The average time to each tree was 2 T \ minutes, the amount of spray 

 being 5^ gallons. The blossoms were two-thirds or more off and the 

 remainder were falling fast. The weather was sunny with light 

 clouds and a variable breeze in the orchard, which latter proved to 

 be a stiff breeze on the highway. 



The man on the tower covered the top of one tree and touched 

 up the inner side of the windward row, while the man on the ground 

 went around the tree and also touched up the inner side of the wind- 

 ward row. The distribution of the spray was very uniform, there 

 being practically no unsprayed areas and almost no overloading of 

 the foliage. In fact, a large percentage of the leaves were lightly 

 specked with the poison while very few showed a running and 

 gathering at the tip. Brown angle nozzles were used with a rather 

 fine disk and the spray was driven only to a slight extent, say 3 or 

 4 feet in the light breeze prevailing. 



One codling moth larva was observed transforming to the pupa 

 and another had partly changed. Bud moth, case-bearers and 

 green fruit worms were present in small numbers, while leaf roller 

 larvae were somewhat abundant. 



A second spraying of plots 2 and 3 was given June 8th. The day 

 was clear with a variable and rather strong, whirling breeze. 

 Approximately 10 gallons were used to each tree. The barrier rows 

 on plots 2 and 3 were sprayed later though not under supervision. 



There was great disparity in the development of the leaf rollers, 

 some being in the pupa stage, others nearly full grown and a number 

 partly grown. There was considerable leaf roller work upon the 

 foliage and many young apples were partly eaten by this pest. 



The first spraying of the season, originally intended for San Jose 

 scale, was not given until after the buds had started perceptibly, 

 the leaves being probably from one-fourth to three-fourths of an 

 inch long. On this account Mr Wellman used 3 pounds of arsenate 

 of lead to 50 gallons of water and the lime-sulphur wash at the rate 

 of 1 to 15, together with three-fourths of a pint of black leaf 40 to 

 100 gallons in an attempt to control the scale, leaf roller and pla n t 

 lice with one application. The probabilities are that the leaves h a d 



