Coniston Flags, - 



-68 MESSRS. A. HARKER AND J. E. MARR OX 



append the following table of succession of the rocks in descending 



order : — 



Bannisdale Slates. 



Coniston Grits. 



Upper Coldwell Beds. 



Middle do. do. 



Lower do. do. 



Brathay Flags. 



Stockdale Shales (missing). 



Ashgill Shales (missing). 



r Upper Limestone. 



r> • . T • t. j Calcareous Breccia. 



Coniston Limestone, ■{ -rn vi. 

 ' Rnyolite. 



i^Lower (Stile End) Limestone, 

 Upper part of "Borrow- fT>, .... ^ 

 dale Series " of Harkness f^^^^"" r """"P- 

 and Nicholson | Andesitic Group. 



All of these are affected by the granite with the exception of the 

 Bannisdale Slates, into which, however, apophyses of the granite 

 are intruded. 



It will be .convenient if we append a short description of the 

 general characters of the rocks, as seen in a fairly continuous 

 section at no great distance from the granite, but nevertheless out- 

 side the zone of alteration, noticing at the same time any marked 

 differences (not due to metamorphism) between the rocks in this 

 section and those developed within the altered region. 



Fortunately, an excellent section of the strata (fig. 1, p. 270) is 

 shown in Stockdale, at a distance of less than four miles from 

 the S.W. margin of the granite, and the strata can be traced more 

 or less continuously from that valley to the margin of the granite, 

 disposing of all doubts as to the identity of the different beds. 



Commencing with the Silurian rocks, and omitting the Bannis- 

 dale Slates, we find the Coniston Grits in Long Sleddale, half a mile 

 below Stockdale, in their normal form of fine-grained grauwacke 

 grits, striking with the rest of the Silurian rocks of this tract in a 

 general E.N.E.-W.S.AV. direction. Below them are the Upper 

 Coniston Flags (Upper Coldwell Beds), slightly gritty laminated 

 flags of a bluish colour. The Middle Coldwell Beds differ from 

 these in being calcareous, whilst the Lower Coldwell Beds are grits 

 very similar in character to the beds of the Coniston Grits. All of 

 these beds, except the latter, contain Ludlow fossils, and the Lower 

 Coldwell grits probably mark the base of that series. 



The Lower Coniston Flags (Brathay Flags), the equivalents of the 

 Wenlock series, and containing the usual Wenlock graptolites, are 

 blue laminated flags, less gritty than the beds of the Upper Plag 

 division, but otherwise resembling them. 



The Stockdale Shales, being faulted out in the zone of alteration, 

 do not require description. 



The Upper Limestone of the Coniston Limestone series is an 

 impure limestone, containing much argillaceous matter, and inter- 

 stratified with calcareous shales which contain a certain amount of 

 fine ashy material. Its lower part is more calcareous than the 



