DRIFTS OF FLAMBOUOUOII HKAD. )>9() 



two liouldor-clays seeming to merge, in an obscure section, into 

 one inseparable mass (PI. XIII. fig. 7). 



(i) South Sea Laiulimj (fig. 7). — The clifts of the South Landing 

 reveal another fine example of a drift-filled hollow in the Chalk. 

 This difi'ers, however, in outline from that of Danes' Dyke, the 

 Chalk falling suddenly on the west side in a steep cliff, in outline 

 not unlike the buried cliff at Sewerby. From the foot of this cliff 

 a flat platform of Chalk extends for GO or 70 yards, suggestive of 

 marine rather than of fluvial erosion (see PI. XIII. fig. 7). On the 

 platform there rests a coarse rolled gravel (o />), not unlike a beach 

 gravel in appearance, but I have not been able to discover in it any 

 evidence confirmatory of its marine origin — neither shell, nor bone, 

 nor Pholas-hoxedi pebble such as abound at Sewerby ; while drift 

 pebbles are present in large numbers, which alone would serve to 

 distinguish it from the Sewerby beach. It seems, moreover, to pass 

 into undoubtedly Glacial beds on the opposite side of the bay. 

 Above this gravel there lies a thick mass of well-bedded sand, 

 silt, and fine gravel (5 «), also quite unfossiliferous, which passes 

 up into the Basement Clay. These stratified beds are certainly not 

 the equivalents of the Sewerby Cliff-beds. They are analogous to 

 the lowest beds at Danes' Dyke (PI. XIII. fig. 5, 5 & 5 a), the deposits 

 in both cases having apparently accumulated in these recesses during 

 the earlier stages of the Glacial epoch, when the advancing ice had 

 not yet enwrapped the whole of the coast-line. 



The upper part of the section is occupied by a mass of Boulder-clay, 

 which represents the combined Basement and Upper Clays (3 and 4). 



On the east side of the little stream which is now re-excavating 

 the hollow, the section is quite different from that just described. 

 A great mass of rough chalk-rubble, with occasional drift-boulders, 

 holds the base of the cliff, seeming in one place to have a thickness 

 of over 40 feet. Its true thickness, however, may not be so great, 

 since it is probably banked against a concealed cliff of Chalk. It 

 shows bold steeply-sloping planes of stratification sweeping down 

 towards the valley. Towards the centre of the hollow this rubble 

 becomes curiously contorted, and is intermingled with the overlying 

 Boulder-clay in such a fashion as to suggest contemporaneous 

 formation. I am inclined to regard this bed as the result of 

 the combined action of frost and flood upon an adjacent exposed 

 surface of Chalk when the drainage channels were blocked at their 

 outlet. Where the Chalk reappears in the cliff this rubble thins 

 rapidly, and finer stratified beds make their appearance above it. 



I have recently described and figured * this part of the section in 

 recording the discovery of a shred of fossiliferous sand in the 

 Basement Clay, similar to the shelly patches of Bridlington and 

 Dimlington, and I need not therefore treat of it here at length. 



* Geol. Mag. (1890) p. 01. These sections have also attracted the attention 

 of J. Phillips (' Geol. of Yorks.' 3rd ed. pt. i. p. 91) ; T. Mellard Pteade, 'A 

 Traverse of the Yorkshire Drifts,' Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc. (1882-83) p. 11, 

 with section ; Wood and Eome, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxiv. (1868) 

 p. 180 ; and J. R. Dakyns {supra cit. p. 249). 



