ItRlFTS OF FLAMBOROUGH HEAD. -^2^.) 



arrested. Through tlie melting of this ice, the Upper Clay was 

 deposited. 



Einallj', the rigour of the climate gradually abated, but for a 

 long time after the disappearance of the ice the conditions of rainfall 

 and drainage were very different from those of the present time. 



IX. Summary. 



The chief conclusions of this paper may be summed up as 

 follows : — 



1. The Glacial deposits of Flamborough Head are best divided 

 into a lower Boulder-clay ; an Intermediate scries, consisting 

 chiefly of stratified beds ; and an upper Boulder-clay. 



2. The Lower Clay is a continuation of the Basement Clay of 

 Holderness, and is the product of the first general glaciation of the 

 area. The Intermediate series passes laterally into the Purple 

 Clays of Holderness, and has been deposited at the edge of the ice- 

 sheet. The Upper Clay represents broadly the topmost clay 

 (" Hessle Clay ") of the Holderness sections, and marks the close of 

 the glaciation of this region. 



3. The fossiliferous beds of Sewerby ('' Buried-Cliff beds ") and 

 Speeton (" Estuarine Shell-bed") are older than the Basement 

 Clay, and therefore than the earliest glaciation. 



4. The glaciation was effected by land-ice of extraneous origin, 

 which moved coastwise down the Xorth Sea and did not overflow 

 the greater part of the Yorkshire Wolds. 



5. Xeither the Boulder-clays nor the Intermediate Gravels are of 

 marine origin, the shells which sometimes occur in them being 

 derivatives. 



6. The ice-sheet filled the Xorth-Sea basin in this latitude from 

 the commencement of the glaciation to its close. There is no 

 clear evidence on Flamborough Head for a mild inter-Glacial period, 

 but only for extensive fluctuations of the margin of the ice. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. 



Figs. 2-13 & 15. Sections in the Drifts on the south side of Flamborough 

 Read, and Diagram to illustrate the supposed relation of the Drifts of the 

 Holderness Coast to those of Flamborough Head, and of the interior of 

 Holderness. 



Discussion. 

 Mr. Clement Reid congratulated the Society on receiving this 

 evidence that a skilled geologist living on the spot was working out 

 the difficult geology of Flamborough Head. While endorsing the 

 Author's views as to the succession of the deposits shown in the cliff 

 between Bridlington and Flamborough, he was unprepared to accept 

 certain of the correlations made with South Holderness and Norfolk. 

 In the first place there was no evidence that the so-called " Basement 

 Clay " was really the oldest Boulder-clay deposited in Holderness, 

 and he thought there was evidence, though scarcely conclusive, of an 

 older glaciation. The correlation of the esker-like mounds of Flam- 

 borough with the fossiliferous gravels flanking the Wolds could not 



