OEOLOOY OF THE SOUTH KHN TRANSVAAL. 4015 



folded and necessarily altered to an enormous extent, liegurdinji; 

 the fossils in the coal-bearing Upper-Karoo scries, Ihe ferns were 

 not those of the Carboniferous age ; and the Lepidodendroid fossil 

 now exhibited l)y a Pellow of the Society probably came from the out- 

 crop of some older rocks near that of the Upper-Karoo beds. The 

 fossil fishes obtained by G. W. Stow and others from these beds have 

 been described as related to Triassic forms. 



Mr. Smith Woouwaku recognized the fish in Mr. Penning's photo- 

 graph as Seviionotus capensis^ described in the Society's Journal, 

 vol. xliv. p. 138. Among associated fish-remains Chifhrolepis also 

 occurs. If such evidence be of any stratigraphical value, the Upper 

 Karoo is homotaxial with the lower fish-bearing deposit of the 

 Hawkesbury-Wianamatta Series in New South Wales (Gosford), 

 and it probably represents some European horizon between the Upper 

 Trias and Lower Lias. 



Dr. Blaxford had repeatedly noticed the resemblance between 

 the geology of India and that of South Africa. He compared our 

 l)resent knowledge of South-African geology with that of the Indian 

 Peninsula before local observations were connected by a general 

 Geological Survey. In India it had been found that the rocks asso- 

 ciated with coal-bearing strata formed an enormous system, ranging 

 from Upper Palaeozoic to Upper Mesozoic. The same might be the 

 case in South Africa. The age of a South-African bed should not, 

 he thought, be too precisely defined on account of the occurrence of a 

 particular genus of fish. He was interested to hear Mr. Penning's 

 testimony in favour of the glacial origin of the bed underlying the 

 coal-bearing formation. 



