ESTHERIA OVATA. 



m 



"Coprolites, very abundant in black bituminous shales at Phoenixville, some of them containing 

 Fish-remains. 



" Foot-tracks, Chelichnus Wymaniams, Lea, on dull-red limestone, Phoenixville, Isaac Lea (' Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phil.,' viii, 77, 1856). 



" Ripple-marks are also found in the red shale, Montgomery County, opposite Phoenixville." 



The accompanying diagram of the strata exposed in the tunnel has been kindly supplied by 

 Mr. C. M. Wheatley (November 23rd, 1861). The numbers in the following list of the beds correspond 

 to those on the diagram. 



YiG. 9. — Section of the Strata in Phoenixville Tunnel, through Black Shale Hill, on the Reading Railway, 

 Chester County, Pennsylvania. Length of the tunnel, from A to B, 2000 feet. 



24. 23 ZZ 



Level of 

 20 /9 13 /7 /e IS /* 13 iz II 10 3 8 T 6^i-3 2 / Kailroad. 



A. East end of the tunnel ; from hence the"' Mesozoic Red Sandstone " extends about ten miles, to near Norristown ; but, 



as far as examined, it contains no other black bituminous shales. 



B. From this, the west end of the tunnel, the " Mesozoic Red Sandstone" extends about thirty miles, to near Reading; 



but, as far as examined, without any other bituminous shales. 

 a. Hereabouts is a sandstone full of Plants, and with Saurian teeth in large numbers, and bones of Saurians. From a 

 towards h the strata are irregular, (a. Shale and sandstone ; h, Red shale.) 



" Section of Strata at Phoenixville Tunnel, Pennsylvania, beginning at the eastern entrance, and running 



about two thirds through ; dip north-west. 



Ft. in. 



"1. Redshale 5 



2. Green shale 6 



3. Black bituminous shale, containing Saurian bones, coprolites in abundance, Estherice, 



remains of ganoid Fishes, and Cypris ; there are clay-concretions, about 1 in. in 



thickness, in the upper part 1 10 



4. Red and green shales, the green slightly calcareous, with traces of Estherice; and 



iron-pyrites 11 



5. Black bituminous shales, with scales of ganoid Fishes, Estherice, and Cypris ; fossils 



not very abundant 1 



6. Dark-green, hard, compact shale, full of clay-concretions'; traces of Cy/)m 9 



7. Red micaceous sandstones 7 10 



8. Brown sandstone, with calcite veins and quartz crystals 8 6 



9. Hard, compact, red, and green shale, with nodular concretions of limonite abundantly 



distributed all through it, forming a haematitic conglomerate 5 8 



10. Red sandstone, with remains of Plants 5 6 



1 1 . Red and green shale 5 2 



12. Red shale, with Coprolites and Plants, the Coprolites enclosing scales of ganoid Fishes 10 



13. Grey sandstone, with veins of carbonate of lime 5 .5 



14. Fine-grained, red and green, variegated shale 24 



