ESTHERIA OVATA. 97 



or sulphuret of iron, cross them transversely without disturbing their position. It is remarkable that, while 

 the black bituminous shales have afforded but few Saurian tfeeth, and none have as yet been discovered in the 

 'bone-bed,' so many should have been collected together and deposited in this stratum of dolomitic 

 sandstone as to give it the appearance of an osseous conglomerate or a bone-breccia. 



" In some instances the casts only of the teeth remain, the substance of the tooth being converted into 

 dolomite, but retaining the exact form of the tooth, with the sulcations as distinct as in the original. 

 Twenty teeth, of probably three or four genera of Saurians, all converted into dolomite, occur on a piece of 

 sandstone 6 by 3 in. It is a singular fact that, while the teeth are dolomitic casts only, the bones in 

 the same stone remain unchanged, retaining their original structure. 



"Associated with the above fossils in the sandstones are numerous Plant-remains, mostly of a broad 

 sulcated stem, without joints or branches ; as far as noticed, they retain the same width their entire length, 

 and are from | to 2 in. broad and from 6 to 8 in. long. 



" The shales, sandstones, and fossils of the Phcenrxville Tunnel bear a remarkable resemblance to 

 those of Nagpur and Mangali, Central India, described by Messrs. Hislop and Hunter (' Quart. Journ. 

 Geol. Soc.,' vol. X, p. 472, and vol. xi, p. 3/1, 1854), and referred by them [at that time] to the Lower 

 Jurassic age. The following is the descending order of the series according to the observations of the 

 authors : 



" 1. Soft ferruginous sandstone, sometimes hard, with iron-bands and Plants. 



"2. Fine and coarse argillaceous sandstones, rich with Plant-remains ; these have afforded — 



" Labyrinthodont reptile, Brachyops laticeps, Owen. 



" Fishes ; ganoid scales and small jaws. 



" Crustaceans ; Estheria. 



"Plant-remains: Fruits and seeds, numerous and undescribed ; Leaves, Conifers, Zamites, 



Poacites, and Ferns (Pecopteris, Glossopteris, Tceniopteris, Cyclopteris, Sphenopteris) ; 



Stems, exogenous and endogenous ; Acrogens, Aphyllum, Equisetites, Phyllotheca, 



Vertebraria (?). 



"3. Red shales .^0 ft., green shales 30 ft. In the former of these there were observed at 

 Korhadi — 



" Reptilian foot-tracks. 



" Worm-tracks, and intestine-shaped evacuations ; these were also found in the green shales. 



«' Phyllotheca (?). 



" 4. White and coloured dolomitic limestones. 



[There are also in some parts of the above series — ] 



" Bituminous shales with fossils, [and] sandstone. 



" Indurated green clay-stone, green shale, [and] bituminous shale with fossils. 



"The Plant-bearing sandstone of Phoenixville Tunnel, though not containing all the genera of Plants 

 found in the [Nagpur and] Mangali strata, is far richer in Saurian remains. Crustaceans {Estheria and 

 Cypris), parts of Ganoid Fishes, and Shells. The green shales of the tunnel have Worm-tracks and the 

 intestine-shaped evacuations. The bituminous shales are rich in organic remains. The remains of 

 Coniferte, Zamites, Equisetites, and probably fruits and seeds, with dolomitic sandstones, indicate a very 

 great similarity with the Lower Jurassic Central Indian formation." (See above, pages 79, &c.) 



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