66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



and carry only a short depression terminating not more than 

 one-half the length of the implement, making a short-mouthed 

 gouge. One form of this implement is flattened on the lower surface 

 but rounded on the back. A more finely finished type of gouge has 

 the groove continuing from the cutting edge through to the butt 

 end. With few exceptions, this form of adze is finely finished and 

 polished. The celts consist of three general forms which, however, 

 have subvarieties. The flattened celt seems to have been used mostly 

 as an adze. This form embraces specimens with side equally flat- 

 tened, specimens with one side flattened and the other slightly 

 rounded, and specimens with one side flattened and the upper por- 

 tion greatly rounded. A variety of the last named form has the 

 upper side beveled in five planes. A series of small chisels varying 

 from iy 2 inches to 3 inches in length coincide with all these de- 

 scribed forms. The more general form of the celt consists of speci- 

 mens averaging about 6 inches in length and having elliptical cross- 

 sections at the center. The cutting edge, as in nearly all forms of 

 these implements, is convex. The material varies from that of 

 diabase, granite, compact sandstone, schist and the more compact 

 forms of metamorphic rock. The third general form is that of the 

 celt having wide cutting edge and tapering down to the butt so that 

 its general form resembles that of the Arawak type. These celts 

 merge, when arranged in series, to the long bar-celt, some specimens 

 of which are 10 or 12 inches long and 1 inch wide and thick. Nearly 

 all the forms of these celts have their counterparts in smaller im- 

 plements which were presumably used as chisels. The grooved axes 

 from that vicinity are quite rare, not more than a dozen specimens 

 being represented in the collection. 



The Bigelow collection of polished slate implements is especially 

 rich in tubes, banner stones, bird stones, and gorgets. There are 

 several varieties of tubes, consisting of specimens partially drilled 

 and others beautifully formed and finely finished, some being cigar- 

 shaped and tapering to a slender stem toward the mouth. Some 

 seem to have been used as pipes while others do not have a form 

 that would indicate this function to have been feasible. The series 

 can be arranged to show the evolution of the stone pipe from the 

 tube form by the gradual uptilting of the bowl end. One specimen, 

 tubular in form, is incompletely drilled and has a pipe stem hole 

 bored in one side. Some of the tubes are short and flattened and 

 are not greatly dissimilar from the narrow winged ami thick 

 banner stones. 



