REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I914 1 29 



of typical development. It was commonly regarded by earlier ob- 

 servers as lying unconformably on the Gaspe sandstones and by 

 Logan, who first described and named it, as a Carbonic formation. 

 I have made reference already in speaking of the Gaspe sandstone, 

 to the presumable horizontal continuity of the two, the upper beds 

 of the former with the lower beds of the latter, intimating thereby 

 no interruption of deposition though with an evident change of 

 coast line and drainage. 



In fact, in this respect, in the northernmost extent of the Bona- 

 venture formation and the southernmost of the Gaspe sandstone, 

 the relations presented are similar to those of the early Catskill 

 stage and the marine Devonic (Ithaca) of the westward seas. In 

 southern Gaspe and thence into the lower gulf, the Bonaventure lies 

 everywhere atop of the almost vertical Siluric-Ordovicic limestones 

 and, in places, on the equally upturned Lower Devonic. So here 

 again in this Bonaventure formation is the evidence of great land 

 waste from the folded early Devonic mountains, obviously from a 

 land eastward of the present coast. The conglomerates of the 

 Bonaventure carry fossiliferous pebbles and boulders of all the 

 earlier formations, those of the Lower Devonic being of greatest 

 abundance, but with exception of these last the boulders are largely 

 from beds unfamiliar to the present land. I am not yet satisfied 

 that any of these boulders which have come under my observation 

 are ice-scratched, but many of them are very large and occasionally 

 one will weigh several hundred pounds. Indeed, Sir William Logan 

 records one of them which weighed a ton. We are not justified 

 yet in appealing to the action of any other agencies in accumulating 

 these, except continental water and shore ice with the addition of 

 the work that would be done along the higher coasts of the moun- 

 tains, on its headlands and promontories by the pounding of the sea. 

 To the latter I believe we must ascribe a definite part in the work of 

 building the formation. 



The evidence that the Bonaventure transcends Devonic time is 

 largely negative ; it lies on no fossil evidence, though plant remains 

 of still undetermined character are scattered through the sand beds. 

 But in this region it represents all the rest of Paleozoic time that is 

 recorded by the rocks, and what part of the pile may be Carbonic 

 must be determined from the study of the still little known ac- 

 cumulation of this continental waste which sheets New Brunswick. 



At Migouasha or Scaumenac bay at the head of the Bay Chaleur, 

 there is a different expression presented in the gray and more cal- 



