THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 1914 73 



The Shawangunk conglomerate is more widely known for its 

 use in millstones than for constructional purposes. It outcrops 

 along 'Shawangunk mountain in Ulster county and southwesterly 

 into New Jersey, with an outlier near Cornwall, Orange county. 

 The quarries near Otisville have supplied considerable quantities 

 of stone for abutments and rough masonry. 



The Clinton sandstone is mainly developed in central New York, 

 being absent from the Clinton belt in the western part of the State. 

 It forms ledges of considerable extent on the south side of the Mo- 

 hawk valley from Ilion to Utica and beyond. It consists of red- 

 dish brown and gray sandstones, of medium texture and hardness. 

 The stone has been used for foundations and building in Uti a and 

 other places in the vicinity. 



Of the Devonic formations which cover about one-third the 

 whole area of the State, the Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and 

 Catskill contain important sandstone members serviceable for 

 quarry operations. These sandstones are popularly known as blue- 

 stones, a name first applied in Ulster county where they are dis- 

 tinguished by a bluish gray color. They are for the most part fine- 

 grained, evenly bedded, bluish or gray sandstones, often showing 

 a pronounced tendency to split along planes parallel to the bedding 

 so as to yield smooth, thin slabs. For that reason they are exten- 

 sively used for flag and curbstone, and a large industry is based on 

 the quarrying of these materials for sale in the eastern cities. Most 

 flagstone is produced in the region along the Hudson and Delaware 

 rivers, where there are convenient shipping facilities to New York, 

 Philadelphia and other large cities. The Hudson River district in- 

 cludes Albany, Greene and Ulster counties, but the quarries are 

 mainly situated in the area that includes southern Greene and 

 northern Ulster, with Catskill, Saugerties and Kingston as the 

 chief shipping points. The Delaware River district includes Sulli- 

 van, Delaware and Broome counties ; the shipping stations are 

 along the Krie and Ontario and Western railroads. The sandstone 

 of this section ranges from Hamilton to Catskill age. In the area 

 to the west the quarries are confined to the Portage and Che- 

 mung groups, with the most important ones in the Portage. There 

 are large, well-quipped quarries near Norwich, Chenango count)-, 

 and Warsaw, Wyoming county, which produce building stone for 

 the general market. Numerous small quarries are found in Otsego, 

 Chemung, Tompkins, Tioga, Schuyler, Steuben, Yates, Allegany, 

 Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties. 



