REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I914 39 



the crop at once. Such precautions are particularly advisable in 

 sections liable to attack and in many localities where army worms 

 are known to be prevalent. 



Barriers. Crops adjacent to a badly infested field may be pro- 

 tected from invasion by the use of various barriers, such as a ditch 

 or a deep furrow with its perpendicular side toward the field to be 

 protected. If the army worms are abundant, holes about two feet in 

 depth should be made in the bottom of the furrow at a distance of 

 fifteen to twenty feet. The caterpillars falling into the ditch crawl 

 along it and soon collect in these depressions where they can be 

 readily crushed or destroyed by applications of oil or other dele- 

 terious materials. Ditches or furrows should be watched to keep 

 the sides next the crop to be. protected smooth and perpendicular 

 and the depression from being bridged over by the accumulated 

 bodies of the caterpillars. 



Broad bands of tar, where conditions permit, may also be used as 

 a barrier, or the tar may be applied to boards set up on edge. Tree 

 tanglefoot could be used in the same way. 



Barrier strips of poisoned vegetation are sometimes employed. A 

 strip a rod or so in width is sprayed with a heavy dose of poison, 

 preferably Paris green used at the rate of at least i pound to 50 gal- 

 lons of water. The poisoned portion of the crop should be carefully 

 destroyed in order to prevent its being eaten later by domestic ani- 

 mals. 



Poisoned bait, especially for limited infestations in the vicinity of 

 dwellings, has been used very successfully. The Kansas bait, the 

 formula for which is given on page 47, may be used for this purpose. 

 This bait may be spread rather thickly across the line of march or 

 sown broadcast in a badly infested field. The distribution should 

 be rather sparse; otherwise there will be great danger of poisoning 

 birds. 



Bibliography. A detailed account, with an extended bibliography, 

 is given by Lintner in the twelfth report on the Injurious and Other 

 Insects of the State of New York, 1896, pages 190 to 214. 



EUROPEAN PINE— SHOOT MOTH 

 Evetria buoliana Scruff. 

 The establishment of this European insect in several New York 

 localities means the addition to our fauna of another serious pine 

 enemy. It is considered in Europe as one of the most destructive 

 insects to young pines, owing to its attacking the buds of the terminal 

 cluster, especially the leader, and the consequent deformation of the 



