84 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



trol the leaf hopper almost entirely by spraying with black leaf 40 

 early in the spring, and that the results obtained have not been so 

 satisfactory this season, although the work was very thoroughly 

 done. There is obvious need of further information concerning the 

 habits of this insect. An excellent bibliography is given by Prof. 

 C. P. Gillette in the Proceedings of the United States National 

 Museum, 1898, 20:713. 



Pine leaf scale (Chionaspis pinifoliae Fitch) . The 

 nearly snow-white scales of this pest contrast strongly with the rich 

 green of the pine needles, making the insect very conspicuous. It 

 is a form (plate 2, figure 5) reported almost every year and occasion- 

 ally twigs are received showing a very severe infestation, which was 

 the case with material transmitted for identification from Flushing 

 and Plattsburg. The specimens of the former lot proved to be 

 abundantly infested by small four- winged parasites; hundreds of 

 Aspidiotiphagus citrinus Craw, and smaller numbers 

 of Aphelinus mytilaspidis LeB . were obtained and 

 subsequently kindly determined by Dr L. O. Howard of the Federal 

 Bureau of Entomology. A third parasite, Perrissopterus 

 pulchellus How., has also been reared from this pine scale. 

 Occasionally this pest multiplies excessively and seriously weakens 

 trees or groups of trees. This was particularly noticeable a few 

 years ago in the case of some Austrian pines growing in Washington 

 Park, Albany. 



The reddish young of this scale hatch about the middle of May in 

 the latitude of Albany, most of the insects establishing themselves 

 upon the tender needles at the ends of the twigs. The hatching 

 period is protracted and, as a consequence, there is more or less 

 overlapping of the two and possibly three generations annually, 

 according to the observations of Prof. R. A. Cooley at Amherst, 

 Mass. 



The crawling young of this insect can be destroyed by spraying 

 with a contact insecticide such as black leaf 40, used at the rate of 

 three-fourths of a pint to 100 gallons of water, to which is added 

 5 or 6 pounds of soap. Some practical tree men are using a miscible 

 oil diluted 1 to 16 and making the application before the buds have 

 started. Tins treatment is said to be very successful and to cause 

 no injury to the trees, provided the work is done before the buds 

 have started and become soft. 



Scurfy scale on Norway maple (Leucaspis japonic a 

 Ckll.). The Norway maple is exceptionally free from insect pests in 

 America and we were therefore surprised to receive from the Frost 



