i Box leaves showing the galls and empty pupal cases of the Box 

 leaf midge, Monarthropalpus buxi Lab. 



2 Rye head with most of the kernels half eaten by the lesser red- 



legged grasshopper, Melanoplus atlanis Riley. 



3 The European hornet, Vespa crabro Linn. 



4 Birch twig showing areas denuded of bark by the European 



hornet, Vespa crabro Linn. 



5 Portion of a pine needle infested with the pine leaf scale insect, 



Chionaspis pinifoliae Fitch. 



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