1917-] Fauna of the Chilka Lake : Fish. 495 



Family MUGILIDAE. 

 Genus MUGIL, Linnaeus. 

 Mugil cephalus, Linnaeus. 



1758. Mugil cephalus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. Ed. X, p. 316. 



1775. Mugil Our, Forskâl, Descrip. Anim., p. xiv, no. 109c. 



1788. Mugil cephalus, Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyclop., p. 179, pi. lxxiii, fig. ccciv. 



1801. Mugil cephalus, Lacepede, Hist. Poiss., V, p. 384. 



1835. Mugil Öür, Ruppell, Neu. Wirbel. Fisch., p. 131. 



1836. Mugil cephalotus, Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XI, p. no. 



1841. Mugil cephalotus, Eydoux and Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool., I, p. 175, pi. iv, fig. 4. 



1842. Mugil cephalotus, Cantor, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., IX, p. 484. 



1845. Mugil japonicus, Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Japon., p. 134, pi. lxxii, fig. 1. 



1845. Mugil cephalotus, Bleeker, Nat. Geneesk. Arch. Ned. Ind., II, p. 514. 



1846. Mugil macrolepidotus, Richardson, Rep. Brit. Assc. Adv. Sc. (1845), p. 249. 

 1861. Mugil cephalotus, Günther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., Ill, p. 419. 



1865. Mugil cunnesius, Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 136. 



1868. Mugil cephalotus, Kner, Reis. Oster. Novar. Fisch., p. 224. 



1870. Mugil oeur, Klunzinger, Verhand. zool. bot. Gesell. Wien, XX, p. 829. 



1878. Mugil oeur, Day, Fish. Ind., p. 353, pi. lxxv, fig. 3. 



1889. Mugil oeur, Id., Faun. Brit. Ind. Fish., II, p. 348, fig. 114. 



1903. Mugil cephalus, Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadel., LV, p. 743. 



1907. Mugil cephalus, Jordan and Seale, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sc, X, p. 4. 



1911. Mugil oeur, Jordan and Richardson, Mem. Carnegie Mus., IV, p. 176. 



1916. Mugil cephalus, Waite, Trans. Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia, XD, p. 453- 



As yet no characters separating this Indian species from the cosmopolitan Mugil 

 cephalus have been pointed out l ; it is identical with the Japanese species M. öeur, 

 M. cephalotus and M. japonicus. 



There are seven specimens in the collection, the largest of which measures 309 mm. 

 in length. It was secured at Nalbano on 25-XI-14 ; five specimens were obtained 

 at Parikudh (21-31- vii-13), measuring 152 mm., 195 mm., 244 mm., 256 mm. and 

 261 mm. The remaining specimen was secured at the south end of the lake, its length 

 being 208 mm. 



The eyes of all the specimens appear slightly smaller than usual in the species. 

 The species probably does not breed in the lake but is an occasional visitor to it. 



Distribution : — The Pacific and the Atlantic coasts of America ; the Mediterra- 

 nean sea ; coast of Madeira ; west coast of Africa ; Red sea ; Polynesia and Indian 

 Ocean ; seas of China and Japan including estuaries and canals. 



Mugil gymnocephalus, Swainson. 



1803. Mugil sp. (Boniah), Russell, Fish. Vizag. II, p. 64, pi. clxxx. 



1839. Mugil gymnocephalus, Swainson, Gardner's Cab. Cyclop. Nat. Hist. (Fish. Amph. Rep.), II, 



p. 234. 

 1857. Mugil belanak, Bleeker, Nat. Tijdsch. Ned. Ind., XIII, p. 337. 



Jordan and Seale, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sc. X, p. 4. 



