ACCIPITRINiE. 47 



22. Astur (Lophospiza) trivirgatus, Temm. 



Falco, apuclTEMMiNCK, PI. col. 303 — Blyth, Cat. 102 — Horsf., 

 Cat. 52 — As. indicus, Hodgs. — Jerdon, Suppl. Cat. 36 — Spizaetus 

 rufitinctus, McLelland — A. cristatus, Gray — A. palumbaiius, apud 

 Jerdon, Cat. 36. — Gor-besra, H., i. e., Mountain Besra, sometimes 

 also called Manah hesra, and Kotesivar — Churiali, of the Eastern Terai 

 — Jamal katJii, also Jurye, in Nepal — Kohila clega, Tel., i. e. Cuckoo 

 Hawk, (from the resemblance of the lower plumage to that of the 

 Eudynamys orientalis). 



The Crested Goshawk. 



Descr. — ^The young bird is brown above, with pale edgings to the 

 feathers; eyebrows white, and some white or rufous about the nape ; 

 below white, more or less spotted on the breast abdomen, and flanks 

 with dark brown spots, least numerous in the male ; tail pale ashy 

 brown, with four or five dark broad bands; thigh coverts with trans- 

 verse brown bands ; a narrow dark line down the centre of the chin 

 and throat ; and two more, one on each side of the neck, not very 

 distinct in the male, but becoming more so with age ; an occipital 

 crest of several elongated feathers; under wing coverts white, 

 with brown spots ; quills, and tail, beneath, light cinereous, with 

 dark bands. 



The adult bird has the upper plumage glossy dark brown, in some 

 with an olivaceous tinge, in older birds with a dark slaty hue, 

 especially when freshly moulted ; wings and tail banded, the latter 

 with four distinct dark bands ; beneath white, the throat, and 

 upper part of the breast, with pale yellow brown oval spots ; the 

 rest of the plumage beneath barred with rich yellow brown ; the 

 bars broad on tlie breast, belly, and flanks; narrow on the thigh 

 coverts, but all becoming more narrow by age. 



Irides bright yellow ; legs pale yellow ; cere lemon yellow. 

 Length of a male 16 inches ; wing 8^ ; tail 7 ; tars. 2^^^. A female 

 was 17^ inches ; wing 9-^ ; tail 8 ; tarsus 2^. A large female from 

 Darjeeling measures above 20 inches; wing 11-^; tail 9. 



The Gor-besra is found in all the hilly and wooded regions of 

 India, on the Himalayas, the Neelgherries, and occasionally on 

 both the Eastern and Western Ghats. "It is not very rare in the 



