94 BIRDS OF INDIA. 



smoky brown, edged with ashy, which is the colour of the rump ; 

 the upper tail-coA-erts white ; tail brownish-black, tipped with 

 white, except the central pair; wings as the back ; the shoulders 

 and wing-coverts, edged with whitish ; below, from the breast, dark 

 brown, edged with ashy, passing to ashy on the lower abdomen ; 

 vent, and under tail-coverts rich crimson. 



Length 8f inches; extent 12^ ; wing 3| ; tail 3£ ; bill at front 

 f ; tarsus §. Bill black ; legs dark brown ; irides deep brown. 



The Bengal Bulbul is found throughout Lower Bengal, and the 

 Upper Provinces, extending to the Himalayas on the north, and 

 south to Midnapore, and the jungles stretching thence to Central 

 India, north of the Nerbudda river. It is doubtful if it is found 

 in Rajpootana and the Punjab. It is also found in Assam ; but 

 in Southern Burmah it is replaced by a nearly afrined race, 

 P. nitjropileus, Blyth. 



This bird, whose habits and manners precisely resemble those 

 of the next, ascends the Himalayas, at Darjeeling, to 7,000 feet, at 

 least, being common in the station ; whilst our Southern species 

 is not found beyond Kotagherry and Coonoor, 6,000 feet high, on 

 the Neilgberries. 



462. Pycnonotus haemorhous, Gmelin. 



Muscicapa, apud Gmelin — Blyth, Cat. 1262 — Horsf., Cat. 

 356 — Ixos Cafer, apud Sykes, Cat. 71 — Hamatornis cafer, 

 Jerd., Cat. 76 — H. pusillus, and psendo-cafer, Blyth (olim) — 

 Brown, 111. Zool, pi. 31, f. 1— Bulbul, Hind— Tonhi bulbul, 

 Beng. — Pigli-pitta, Tel. — Konda-lati, Tarn. 



The Common Madras Bulbul. 



Descr. — Head, chin and throat, black ; nape and back smoky 

 brown, more or less edged paler, and the pale edging often extends 

 to the darker feathers of the hind head and nape, giving it 

 a speckled appearance ; rump somewhat cinerascent ; upper tail- 

 coverts white ; beneath, from the top of the breast, brown, edged 

 with ash, paling posteriorly, and becoming albescent on the lower 

 abdomen and vent ; under tail-coverts crimson ; wings and tail 

 as in the last. 



