MOTACILLIN^. 237 



plains. I noticed at the time that, in their flight, they appeared 

 to flap their wings more frequently than Pipits usually do. 

 Blyth has obtained it from the N. W. Himalayas, and Horsfield's 

 specimens are from Shikarpore, and Kumaon. It appears to be 

 common in the Alpine Punjab, whence specimens were sent by 

 Mr. Theobald ; and it also inhabits Africa. 



Several other Tit-larks are recorded by authors from Africa, 

 most of which appear to belong to this genus. Bonaparte has 

 A. australis, Swainson, from Oceanica, and two other species 

 from the same region. 



4th. — True-Pipits. 

 Gen. Anthus (as restricted). 



Bill and tarsus slender, and the latter short ; form lighter and 

 more like Budytes, to which it is nearly allied ; hind claw mode- 

 rately long, slightly curved. 



The True-Pipits have a greater change of plumage at the vernal 

 moult than any of the Tit-larks, and the young resemble their 

 parents. 



There are two slightly differing forms in this genus ; one typified 

 by A. pratensis of Europe, to which the generic name Spipola, 

 Leach, is applied by Gray ; the other, with aquaticus for its type, 

 restricted Anthus of Gray ; but they are barely separable, the 

 winter plumage of both being very similar. The only Indian 

 member of this group belongs to the last. 



605. Anthus cervinus, Pallas. 



Motacilla, apud Pallas — Blyth, Cat. 764 — A. rosaceus, Hodg- 

 son — Hoesf., Cat. 568 — A. aquaticus, apud Blyth, olim — A. 

 rufo-superciliaris, Blyth, J. A. S., XXIX., 105— A. pratensis, 

 apud Gould? and Blyth — A.japonicus, Temm. and Schlegel? 



The Vinous-throated Pipit. 

 Descr. — In winter plumage, tawny brown above, with dark 

 centres to the feathers, and two indistinct pale wing bands ; lores, 

 face, and superciliary streak, dull ferruginous ; beneath, the chin 

 and throat, white, bordered by a dark line ; the rest of the plumage 

 white tinged more or less with fulvous, especially on the flanks, 



