MOTACILLINiE. 239 



It is quite possible that A. pratensis may also be found in 

 the Western parts of India, and, if so, must be introduced into 

 the Indian Fauna. A. Cecilii, Aud., from Southern Europe, is 

 separated by some authors, but apparently without sufficient cause. 

 The allied species, A. aquaticus, Bechst. (spinoletta, L., apud 

 Bonap.), of Europe, occurs chiefly in mountainous regions far in- 

 land. Adams, No. 115 of his List of Birds from India,* has an 

 Anthus from Ladakh, similar to trivialis, but with the throat and 

 neck mouse-brown. This corresponds so well to A. aquaticus, 

 also figured by Savigny, Egypte, pi. 5, f. 5, that I have very little 

 doubt that it is the same. It may cross the frontier and be found 

 within our limits, but I shall not include it at present. A. 

 obscurus, found on the sea coasts of Europe, belongs to restricted 

 Anthus. 



The next form was considered at first to be of a somewhat 

 anomalous character, and its affinities with the Pipits were not 

 recognised. 



Gen. Heteeuea, Hodgson. 



Char. — Bill deep and strong ; culmen regularly arched; feet and 

 legs robust ; wings with the first five primaries subequal ; tail- 

 feathers attenuated to a point at the tip ; tarsus and feet strong ; 

 hind toe long, claw not equal to it, slightly curved. 



This genus was ranged by Sir W. Jardine near Malacocercus 

 and Megalurus ; but its pointed wing and general structure are quite 

 against that view. It is, in fact, essentially a thick-billed Pipit, 

 and the character of the tail-feathers given above is also shown 

 in Pipastes. The plumage is thick about the nape, and its figure 

 is somewhat more robust than in the other Titlarks. In its habits 

 it is monticolous. 



606. Heterura sylvana, Hodgson. 



Jard., Contr. Ornith. pi.— Blyth, Cat. 751. 



The Upland Pipit. 



Descr. — Above streaked brown, the feathers having broad, dark, 

 brown medial lines, edged with pale rufous brown ; the tail brown, 



* P. Z. S. 1858, p. 485. 



