Botany and Zoology. 131 
duration of the frost. The cause of these changes of direction Prof. 
Caspary is unable to explain. Of course the effect of snow, water, &., 
was eliminated. The phenomenon shows that different sides of the 
branches are differently contracted longitudinally by low temperature; 
but whether the shortening on n the s ide toward which the branch turned 
connected with the vertical by supposing bee Shonen ning of the cells 
along one line of the wood, this line winding more or less in consequence 
of the oblique or spiral direction of the cells, as sipede gt in the well 
known twist of many stems, especially of Conifers, That young wood 
is differently contracted by cold in different places in the direction of the 
circumference and radius, Prof. Caspary showed in a paper published in 
the Botanische Zeitung nine years ago, and he asserts that this contrac: 
tion exceeds that of all other solid bodies, even that of zinc and iron 
but the poping: contraction has not been examined in fresh young 
3 
ae cold at Kon eee eal mai in with the east wind which | is 
temperature and of change in the branches constantly coincide, those of 
humidity and dryness are not coincident with the extremes of change in 
the direction ot he branches. 
Mr. of Hee On the Floral Envelopes of Lauraceae, 
ese he re. Sat as representing han and corolla, and the Laurels as a 
sort of Combretacee with free perianth ! 
Dr. Hildebrand of Bonn, On the necessity of Insect Agency in the fer- 
tilization of Corydalis cava. Here, although the anthers and stigma 
are in contact, and the latter sure to be covered with pollen from the 
former, when protected from insects no capsules set. Moreover Biya is 
formed n flo 
se e 
effectual activity of so large an insect as the humble-bee in fertilizing o our 
Corydalis a bie 
r. Howard of London, author of the Vew Quinologia, On the Species 
of Cathe’ He thinks that every well- defined district of the Andes 
i 
e 
which Dr. Weddell remarked that if it could be proved that 
pees left out the first A by accident, it should be restored; but if he 
deliberately wrote Cinchona for the sake of euphony, as is mos poe 
