170 S. Porter on the Vowel Elements in Speech, 
any case appear open to question, or even be fairly convicted 
of inaccuracy, I shall be well content, provided I succeed in 
demonstrating the correctness of the system in its leading 
features, I have not, however, been careless of the details. 
hed 2 aii eon Lit are the key to the system :-— 
All the vowels are articulated primarily between the 
ie and the “Batata: Some of them, those usually called 
labials (old, ooze, he! &c.), are.further modified by the action of 
the lips. All are thus either palato-linguals ahaoly. or else 
labio-palato- aubanles and the latter consist of a palato-lingual | 
part, capable of being employed by itself, and of a labial part 
ee is dependent on and super-added to the other 
. The arientatiba’ is effected (1) as between the tongue and : 
ae ‘palate in the nage 3 manner:—The organs are so dis- : 
d, and the muscles of the tongue, with those also of the 1 
_soft-palate, so put sit action, as to make a firm tube, or passage, 
fitted for the reverberation of the sound which comes from the 
of course, in which the same palato-lin 
two distinct vowels as used with and without the labial modifi- 
cation. (2) The labial modification is effected by a firm con- 
traction and more or less protrusion of the lips together with a 
rigid tension of the eae so as to cause a further reverbera- 
tion of the sound, and thus give the vowel a different character 
to the ear: the sound is deveruehated through two passages or 
cavities instead o 
oh The reels ete es -non- labial — are assorted Bebe: 
or 
mined upon the palat e than wat the tongue, owing - . & 
* The 
sare — members or ee is, the syllabic. pe aboaat whieh 
Tt is farther allowable to use the terms, as [ do 
here, with ca inaiie reference to those mechanical adjustments of the organs 
which give to the several elements their distinctive shecvheted. 
A 
5 
