176 -§. Porter on the Vowel Elements in Speech, 
In the wh gi Tasced analysis, which I am now to give, oe the 
simple vowel. elements, I shall arrange them in nine gro 
according as the eminioe -lingual tube ee farther or less fax 
forward, --which I shall designate as the 0, 1% 
4 vowels, 0 or groups of vowels. Under aie grou a cis ‘foo 
degrees, more or less close or open, which I call close, middle, 
open, open-depressed, and indicate by numerals aitixned as supe- 
riors; thus: a' (close), a? (middle), a? (open), a + (open-depres- 
sed). Labials will be distinguished by an’ affixed to the figure 
for the degree, as: o', uw"! a? 
diagram aa the table, "here inserted, depend of course, 
for their explanation, upon the analysis in detail which will 
follow. In the diagram, we have the median line of the palate 
from root of front teeth to root of uvula,——the hard-palate 
xt and thus, of course, sicaes shea even on ote open- 
ness s—they indicate, also, the direction of the vocal current at 
the termin 
Diagram of Palato-lingual Positions. 
Table of the Simple Vowel Elements. 
| Grovp I. 
—-last, ask, chant; Fr. la, lira, -a. 
—father, calm ; Fr. dame, gt caver. 
o ae arm, charge ; r. dme, 
*:—Broad pron. of psalm, balm, pli, &c.; do, of Fr. ame, bas, 
