188 S. Porter on the Vowel Elements in Speech. 
&c.: and, in ee — chloréd, &c., is preferable to 
the closer sound, It makes the usual vanish of “long a” in 
name, praise, die: the whole bei ‘ing commonly e* be? +17; “alae 
the final element ‘of “long 7,” ice (8 +63+47?), and of ov, oy, as 
toil, boy (4?'+73), 
gt! n he shorter French wu, as wne, rude, ruban, per- 
haps a little more open in butte, russe, &c.; and the shorter 
German iw. as Gliick, wiinschen, Miitter. e have in this—and 
not in the simple 2? or {!—the initial part of the English long 
u, as union, use, soho mute, and of you in youth, you, ” &e, an 
eau in béanty. etween this and the main and fina | element, 
ape is a distinct acctuntdal y. So that the long wu is 7!+y+ 
propound this,—with deference of course to the “ Auto- 
ric’ "—as the “Soe of f how to Hot the word view. 
3.— Vowel 13. The “short 2” in pin, hit, g’ve, &e. The 
acoat otice may sometimes snpeen this, as in petite, 
risque, ville, and the German in bitten, »st; but are hardly, we 
think, to be ranked here. 
— ee 4,—Voweli*. Heard in an improper ce: on of 
rear, viz.,:t" (eve), é? ‘aid, ¢ ' (fate), a " Gh, Madchen), 
 (Kénig, j eine), u'! (goze), 0! (oak), he ae ’ (past), we 
shall find the ition of the organs such that, if we suppose a 
tween tongue and palate, it would enter fur- 
ther and further with each successive vowel, 
We have only to use a thin rod, or even a yeh to perio 
e that, at the point of the wedge su 
Es 
vowel station is simply carried back, and that the difference is 
not one of merely open and close. The same thing may be 
