Mineralogy and Geology. 267 
had opened from north to south through which the feldspathic Ag sae 
their way, which now appear between Petra and the Dead Sea 
que 1 movements which determined the formation of the highlands of 
Palestine ; while the fall of the eastern side of those highlands all along 
the line of dislocation, may have caused that narrow and lengthened de- 
= which separates Palestine from Arabia. 
The spree se the Dead Sea has thus been formed without any in- 
onal from o unication with the ocean; whence it follows that 
thing but a reservoir for the rainfall—the saltness of which originally 
proceeded from the constitution of the environs of the ne and has 
greatly increased mae the influence of incessant evaporat 
5.) Toward the end of the Tertiary period, or the commencement of 
the ne period, the water of the lake stig at more than 100 
meters above its present level, and then deposited marls rich in salt and 
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which extend as far as the Jordan valley itself. Other eruptions of less 
importance took place directly east of the lake, of which three reached 
its eastern shore near the W adys Ghuweir and Zerka Main and the south 
end of the plain of Zarah, 
-) Hot and mineral springs, pee eruptions, similar to those 
which accompany and follow volcanic action, and earthquakes, which are 
still me in the pre have been the e last important pire eiyaces 
dS il 14 
as 
unctuous clay, ve ai stp contained many similar quartz grains; these 
a lh ee aspect, so that by sight alone one 
