306 S. Porter on the Vowel Elements in Speech. 
3. 64-42? (or, with the “glide,” 64-+4-G5-4-i7) pices ds a, as high, pine, 
¢.,—the Scotch long ¢ is 63-++-2?, or 6?-+7?. 
’ a+i :—an affected Le plerigt gy of anes a, 
2 
2 
& 
| 
5 
= 
i} 
i g 
® 
a 
os 
As 
° 
at 
Sd 
: of our, 
. o-+-u :—“long o” (old) with the vanish, 
. 64 u2! (with the glide, A i nbs u??) :our, now, &c.;—the Scotch 
our, &., are 63/4 
10. @, or d*, +a (with glide, Rropay: —Yankee our, now, &c. 
11. ‘e*, or ¢%, jie bic 6 glide):—ancient pronunciation rs few, dew, 
e form of Yankee new, rude, smooth, 
12. i#-+-u ee 6 slide) :—extreme form of Yankee new, ite smooth, 
o, &c. 
13. e*-+a: — a A.-S. deaf, cealf, &e. ? 
14. e#+0:—Qu., A.-S. seofon, heofon, seolf, &e. 
15. u* or é trent :—rude, tube, lute, swt, new, on &e. 
_ The relative quantity of the initial and final elements is not 
alike in all these; but is usually greater in the initial. Where 
I have Sroaaea to mark the degree, there is more or less latitude 
of variation 
groups have not rie been reckoned as Orioles —the usua 
English long a and long 0, for example. A movement which 
requires a relaxation of the tongue or lips in passing from one 
element to the other will interrupt the continuity of the vowel 
sound, and necessitate either a hiatus, or the intervention of a 
Tee w consonant, making in the latter case an impure diphthong. 
us, +7 (tozl) is a forward movement, and gives continuous 
vowel sound; but the reverse, t+d, almost necessarily intro- 
ls ay sound, heard asin yawl (¢+y+d). Sowehave ityt4 
yard, and in the Italian piano, fiamma, &e.; t+y+0 in young, 
million, billiard, &e.; i+y+u in union, mu te, &e. A rearward 
movement can give a pure diphthong ‘only ees the first ele- 
ment, if not both, is quite open; as in Nos. 9 to 14 of the fore- 
going table. A Re SE movement from close to ii on 
the lips always introduces a consonantal w, as in the French 
* A term used by phonetists, and denoting, strictly, the whole series intermedi- 
ate, as the voice passes gradually from one position of the organs to another. 
