OR ee ae ee 
a eee © ee ee eee 
S. Porter on the Vowel Elements in Speech. 307 
out and rot, the pre buono, and English quarter, war (w+ 
w+da'), we (u?!+0+ 
A word here on the subject of pitch as related to seer oi 
sounds. I have remarked upon the ease to rise or fall i 
pitch as the tongue moves forward or backward, or else as it 
rises or falls, on our vowel-scale. mire are certain noticeable 
of authority or of confident assertion. It may ee dip e of in- 
quiry, whether in those languages which are less diphthongal 
the level tone more prevails. 
Let us now attend to some of the kre ee of the system 
: rani Sor etymological and orthotprcal changes. Trocess 
run tsetse into an e or @ 80 as aimer, jm, Batre, 
chaine, —and au into an eh in chaud, anes pauvre,—and 
eu into an 6,—as in peur, veuve, jeune. "That these digraphs 
thd once really diphthongal in utterance, is quite sare — 
tz, Gram., vol. i.) Such change is common in 
guages, In describing the d vowels (p. 184, note), I eaciaal 
to the originally diphthongal character of ai ‘and ay in English, 
as In praise, vatn, day, say, &c. So was . also = the aw and 
aw, which now take an d sound, as in fault, cause, draw, law. 
In the Sanskrit, we find the e and o ftir eautng only as de- 
veloped from ai and au;—the e and o are always and every- 
Where, at least in the Indo-European languages, secondary and 
derivative elements, 0 owing their origin to this or to some other 
a ‘oat in modern German, we have, from o, from a, an 
** Dr. Merkel, ‘whose work comes into my hand as this article is peeing through 
the press, approximates partially to the view presen ve. He says, “ ie 
ot the diphthong de epends upon the convergence of the dilated vocal or- 
gans,” es with Briicke in ascribing the w and y to movement in the a 
direction, from close to ope 
