316 S. Porter on the Vowel Elements in Speech. 
kind, guile, &c. by a mere precession of the initial of the dipth: 
thong : and, v. v. the change of the vowel would necessitate that 
of aire consonant, Ped c= noticeable is a frequent change of 
“Anglo-Saxon g into uw or w and into? or y English, as determined 
by the antecedent octal Thus come maw, draw, saw, own, bow, 
c. from maga, dragan, sage, dgen, boga; and main, maiden, 
wain, sail, rain, lad, may, day, way, &c. from miéigen, miigden, 
wiigen, segel, regen, ‘legede, , dag, weg, &e. We have also 
maudlin from Magdalen. To. explain fully the consonant pan 
tion, it must be added that, while & and hard g always involve 
contact guttural, that is, of back: -tongue with back-palate,” the 
point of contact may be higher or lower; it will be a as 
the vowels associated advance forward on the scale; and, at t 
ie time, the borders of the tongue will be applied to the ob 
n the precise place as for the vowel. A position will thus 
i senitedl which, omitting then the guttural contact, will give 
y for g, and German middle ch aspirate for &; or, replacing the 
guttural by forward contact, will give g soft, as gem, for g hard, 
and ch soft, as chill, Italian, for & or hard c,—and, from these, 
transition is easy to Fr. 7, or z in azure, to sh, or Fr. ch, and to s, 
or c incity. The vowel relations of the hard and soft, among 
these consonants, are to some extent familiar to all. 
inally, this view of the mode of formation of the vowels 
nsist of pure tone variously articulated. But we have %, 4, 
7, l, which are, or at least may be, articulated with pure tone un- 
mixed " breath He How, then, do these differ from the 
vowels 
Some phonologits hold that there is here no essential differ- 
ence, ere is a theory, dehy ay advocated by Prof. W. D. 
Whitney, of Yale College, and by him first distinctly propeny 
ded, so far as I know, w oh regards the degree of open or close 
as the real and only ground of distinction between asa and 
eS hat characterizes the vowels as such being their 
or k and g hard, ¢ -palate; made by the 
mille ni dt ar saa oes Dr Behe’ 
tanding, f d 
Physiolny 2 raf Shek Speech, in the Bibliotheca Sara for April, i al whic it ma Aan 
observ f Dr. 
the uur of Pg on iy sitter ed, Voala rascal other disproof eeliaigh 
