S. Porter on the Vowel Elements in Speech. 317 
openness, and the consonants, their closeness, while a neutral 
border-land lies between, neither decidedly one nor the other.” 
Against this view,—which the well-merited reputation of Prof. 
between the two classes of elements. So that, if the contrast in 
degree of open and close be admitted as an actual fact, it is still 
not the material fact 1 in the case. But the fact so assumed i is far 
than the vowel ne ; and the consonant w and the vowel w'! ma 
be so uttered—in the word woo, for example,—that the latter 
shall be closer, labially, than the former. As respects both w 
and y, more wi ill be said presently on this point. 
esuming our inquiry, it is to be observed that w requires no 
special palatolingual position, any more than-does v; as let be 
tried on the word way. It. is true that a lip- -modification like 
what belongs to w ike be taken by the vowel u'’. This will 
make what may be called either an impure vowel or an impure 
consonant, and may fulfil the function of either a vowel or a 
consonant : of a consonant in a word like we, or woe, and of a 
aS an accompaniment. But vowel and sos ie ‘i ality are 
hevertheless — and w as a consonant is not at all a palato- 
lingual articulat 
here remain r, me and y: they are palato-lingual articulations; 
which are, or it is here i may be, uttered with pure tone; 
which also allow of indefinite prolongation ;—agreeing in these 
Tespects with the vowels. But, to each of these, as to every 
= See the two dant by Prof. Whitney, On Lepsins’s Standard angianads in 
the e Journal of the American Oriental Society, vols. vii and vii 
* The fact that several vowel not ny requires z ‘special palato-lingual pas- 
sage, but that this passage is a proper tube,—walied in sonnel by Cee ure on each 
side,—is a point to which particular attention is piney as i s to have been 
erto unnoti The side i fora pony ing 
ay be consi 
extension on of the arch of the hard ipalete, Ses, i Should be obese Vee 
ss against which Ba 
Am. Jour. Sc1.—SzconbD pectié Vou. XLII, No. 126.—Nov., 1966. 
41 
