342 Evans on the Oil-producing uplift of W. Virginia. 
at its various outcrops, a8 in Hocking county, Ohio, and at the 
falls of the Great Kanawha;—so also near the head of the Alle- 
ghany river, where the groups of regular blocks, standing out 
upon the surface, have given rise to “such names as Rock City 
and Ruined City. In some cases, however, the oil-yielding rock 
is found crushed into small fragm 
This line of uplift is approximately parwie! with the Appa- 
lachian folds to the eastward, and is un tedly a member of 
the same system. ‘I'he statement has aces os this Journal 
that it makes an angle with the mountain chains of about 40°, 
—an error arising probably from comparing it with the moun- 
tains of Tennessee or northern Pennsylvania, instead of wit 
those which lie in a Jateral direction from it, namely, in northern 
oo The latter iievaboe one of those segments of the 
Aap alachian zone where the mountains, accor ing to Rogers, 
ar approximately aoiah and south. ‘This flexure is as nearly 
parallel with their general course as oe are with one another. 
or does it stand isolated from the rest; for in the intermediate 
space there are several other minor oe having the same 
general direction, though occurring at inter vals which increase 
to the westwar 
s establishing the theory that the lateral pressure concerned 
in uplifting the ‘Appalachian folds was exerted from the ocean 
side (as if by the subsidence of a baer area in a period of 
great cooling and contraction), it has been shown by geologists 
that as a general fact the w fogs dips of ibe folds are steeper 
than the eastern, —that upon going westward, further from the 
direct action of the moving ‘fore, this feature becomes less 
marked,—that to the westward also the folds are less crowded 
together, or separated by wider intervals, and the uplifting con- 
nected with less metamorphism and debituminization. ‘This 
fold, as one of the westernmost members of the series, conforms 
to the rest in all these general laws which, with the fact of par- 
allelism, serve to eonnect them with a common cause, as parts 
of one system. 
Toward the extremities of this uplift, where it becomes a 
comparatively slight flexure, the aetna inclination of its west- 
ern dip ceases; but this forms no exception to the general fact 
as seen in the other Appalachian folds. As would follow from 
the above theory in regard to their origin, it is not until they 
attain a considerable angular elevation that the pushing over 
of their summits, which is a surface movement, begins to take 
“Her ere, as in other parts of the Appalachian rege Li is 
evidence of a transverse system of disturbances. An example - 
is seen on McFarland’s pean of Hughes river, 2 pe ailede cant of 
