382 H. Haug on the Electro-motive Force 
be derived from it, and to be transformed for the object in view. 
I found it necessary to exercise this economy from the very out- 
set, and further on, at each and every step of all the processes 
and operations involved in the development and transformation 
of the power. One of these steps was the production of the 
galvanic current within a full circuit, from the free electricities 
of the poles of the open battery. A given quantity of electri- 
city, in a galvanic current, will always, generally viewed, produce 
the same amount of electric process. But the free electricities 
requiring time for motion i combination (to use some kind of 
expression for the details of the electric process), remain during 
this time, subject to the influences of induction and the molecu- 
lar qualities of the conductors. There may, consequently, occur 
something like a diffusion of the electricities, before the electric 
process is completed, and. it is most probable that the direction 
of the electric process therefore, will not remain one and the 
same for the whole quantity of electricities, but that one part of 
the electric process will be executed in directions varying from 
the main direction, thus diminishing the actual effect of the pro- 
cess; and that the amount of this part, respectively the amount 
actually disposable, will depend upon and vary with certain cir- 
cumstances. Now, as the electro-magnetic effect of the galvanic 
current is plainly and invariably governed by the direction of 
the electric process, it becomes evident that the amount of elec- 
tro-magnetism to be derived from a given quantity of electrici- 
ties, and available for any practical purpose, depends entirely 
on that part of the electric process which, at last, is going on in 
the main direction, and which is only a certain percentage of the 
whole electric process. 
These considerations compelled me to be watchful, and this 
the more as I met with but one remark (by Buff, if I remember 
rightly) directly pertaining to this question. He found the elec- 
tro-motive force of the battery increasing with the decrease of 
the measured intensities of the current. This circumstance, 1 
true, would justify my views of the matter, and naturally ihe 
affect the economical applications of the galvanic current. ‘The _ 
