E.. Frankland on the Source of Muscular Power. 408 
amounted to 66 kilograms in Fick’s case, and 76 in Wislicenus’s, 
The height above the Faulhorn above the level of the lake of 
Brienz is according to trigonometric measurements, exact 
1966 meters, Therefore Fick Solana eta 129, 096 and Wislice- 
nus 148, 656 meterkilograms of muscular ork,” 
But in addition to this measurable axiardal work there is an- 
other item of force “which can be expressed in units of wor 
and though its value cannot be quite accurately calculated, <0 
a tolerable approximation can be made. It consists of the foree 
consumed in respiration and the heart’s action. The wor 
formed by the heart has been estimated, in a healthy full-grown 
man, at about 0°64 meterkilogram™ for each systole. During 
the ascent, Fick’s pulse was about 120 per minute. That gives 
for the 55 hours of the ascent an amount of work which may 
be estimated at 25,844 meterkilograms, entirely employed in the 
maintenance of the circulation. No attempt has ae age ame 
to estimate the labor of respiration One of u n, 
however, in the second edition of his i Medical Physics” a 206), 
that Donders’s well-known investigations concerning the condi- 
tions of pressure in the cavity of the thorax gi give sufficient data 
for such an estimate. He has there shown that the amount of 
cent at an average rate of about 265 respirations per minute, 
which gives, according to this estimation, an amount of ee ge 
for Wisliootue s amount of w ork, as far as it is sable to cal- 
culate it, a total of 184,287 Tatar sloarravin 
“Besides these estimated (and certainly not agar 
items, there are several others which cannot be even approxi- 
mately calculated, but the sum of which, if it Paar bs obtained, 
would probably exceed even our present large total. We will 
try to give at least some sort of an account of them. It must 
first be remembered that in the steepest mountain path there are 
occasional level portions, or even descents. In ade i such | 
places the muscles of the leg are exerted as they are in ascend- 
ing, but the whole work performed is eenifovined back into 
heat. The same force-producing process, however, must 
going on in the muscles as if work were being performed which | 
* 0-43 is here assigned as the work of the left, and 0-21 as that of the right ven- 
tricle. 
