By oN Seep IO SEL IFS OE RRC EN 
SET Pee ETS Be MER CLE eS OEE PEON Te eee Tae re Se eee Ee eS eee oe 
ME a ete ae mee Re rare a 
F. V. Hayden on the Geology of Kansas. 37 
cations adopted in the old world, would have separated the Per- 
ian at all from the Coal-measures, as distinct groups. Starting 
far down in the’Coal-measures below the supposed line of sepa- 
ration, we have, along with great numbers of all our common 
Coal-measure forms, an occasional Monotis (so-called), li 
leurophorus, Myalina, &c., that might apparently, in some in; 
stances, be even identified specifically with European Permian 
species. As we ascend in the series, we find that, after going 
some distance above the supposed line of demarkation, the Car- 
boniferous species gradually begin to disappear, and the Permian 
types become rather more common, in particular beds, until we 
have ascended to a point near the horizon Prof. Swallow makes 
the line between the Upper and Lower Permian, when we find 
clude most, if not nearly all, of Prof. Swallow’s Lower Permian 
as an intermediate connecting series between the Permian 
Coal-measures which, if worthy of a distinct name at all from 
the latter, should be called Permo-carboniferous, while the beds 
above, they regarded alone as properly the equivalent of the 
true Permian of Europe. 
The occurrence of a few types that would generally be re- 
garded as Permian, along with numerous well-known Coal-meas- 
ure species, far below the frue Permian, only accords with facts 
observed in other formations in this gountry, where certain types 
evidently made their appearance here long before they are known 
to have appeared in Europe. In this connection we need but 
refer to the Cretaceous plants of Nebraska, most of which be- 
long to genera, and some of them to species, scarcely distinguish- 
able from forms known in Europe in rocks not older than the 
later Tertiary. Even one of the best botanical paleontologists 
of Europe thought some of them probably identical with Mio- 
cene species, and yet they holda a near 800 feet below 
beds containing numerous species of Ammonites, Bagulites, Scaph- 
ttes, Inoceramus, and various other unquestionably Cre 
ypes. Similar facts have also been brought out by the Califor- 
nia Survey. It is also worthy of note that in several cases these 
few Permian types occurring far down in the Coal-measures in 
Kansas appear in particular layers, similar to the Permian rocks 
in composition, and alternating with other beds containing only 
Carboniferous fossils, much like Barrande’s “Colonies” in the 
Silurian rocks of Bohemia. 
